| 摘要(英) |
The tropical rainforest plays an important role in global carbon sequestration from the atmosphere into forest tree. The carbon is stored in the trees and organic soil-partly decayed plants in the peat swamp forest. The deforestation due to fire disturbance triggers carbon to emit back to the atmosphere, resulting in devastating impacts on the eco-environment. The Leuser Ecosystem-Aceh area, UNESCO designated Leuser forest as a part of the tropical rainforest heritage of Sumatera, contains high biodiversity indigenous species. However, the massive fire events continuously occured across the forest areas. The peat forest areas decreased remain only 10.47%, which are declined from 80,269 ha to 8,407 ha in the time period from 1990 to 2018 in Southwest Aceh and Nagan Raya regency (Tripa peat swamp forest). Thus, it is crucial to assess the vulnerability of the eco-environment in this region in association with forest fire to support for environmental protection and restoration.
Here, we propose an assessment framework consisting of five metrics (forest fire events, hydrometeorology, land resource, topography, and socioeconomics) to qualify the eco-environment vulnerability via 16 variables, with eight of them derived from Landsat images. Landsat images acquired in 1990,1998, 2004, 2009 and 2018. GIS techniques were used to derive the eco-environmental maps, which are classified into six levels (very low, low, medium, medium high, high, and very high vulnerabilities). The Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to determine the global weights, local weights, and class weights. Results show that spatial distribution of high and very high vulnerable significantly increasing in the time frame of 1990 – 2018 following the high massive forest fire case in highlighted year.
The contribution of very high vulnerability level shows evolving patterns of 1% in 1990, of 12% in 1998, 4% in 2004, 9.8% in 2009, and 7.6% in 2018. These areas are characterized by high density of human activities such as agricultural practices including plantation, slash burning cultivation, built-up, savannah, and sparse forest. Our framework is valuable for eco-environmental assessment due to forest fire and human disturbances in the region. The eco-environmental vulnerability map is useful for local authorities to design effective solution for each vulnerable degree to mitigate and restore the richness and health of eco-environment.
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