博碩士論文 104581008 詳細資訊



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姓名 盧思穎(Su-Ying Lu)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 電機工程學系
論文名稱 虛擬電廠最佳化能源管理模式研究
(Research on Models of Energy Management Optimization in Virtual Power Plants)
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摘要(中) 我國政府設定2050淨零排放目標，電力部門去碳化為關鍵重點之一，也持續帶動再生能源快速發展及電網儲能設備增長。另一方面，交通和工業領域低碳化，促使負載型態變得多元且具隨機性。面對電網發、用電的高度不確定性，電力系統管理複雜性因而增加。電網的整合與調度除須結合先進的資通訊和數據技術，亦需仰賴多種時間長度的彈性資源支持，以提升系統的效率與穩定性。
虛擬電廠可聚合各種分散式電源，利用先進的資通訊技術和最佳化演算法對分散式電源進行適當的協調和管理。在確保利害關係人的滿意度與最適利益的情況下，允許參與者因應市場價格訊號和/或電網運作狀況提供用戶側彈性資源，進而提高電力系統在淨零轉型過程中的可靠度與穩定度，被廣泛認為是電力系統脫碳所需的關鍵要素。
本博士論文以單一電力用戶滿足自身用電目標為始，探討分散式電源投資評估與運轉排程最佳化模型與方法；接著分析虛擬電廠在國內現行與未來電力市場架構下的角色與定位，研究虛擬電廠個別用戶資源調查、組成評估、及參與各式電力市場與方案機制的操作模型及成效評估工具。共計發展三種虛擬電廠最佳化能源管理模型，並與其他四種已知模型進行比較分析。各模型皆選用通用性的數學方法與程式化軟體，並運用國內真實案例數據進行模擬研究，研究結果顯示可分別適用於解決相關對應問題。
面對我國電力自由化發展仍處剛起步的階段，為加速市場交易的活絡及擴大電力經濟市場參與涵容性，期本博士論文可提供投資人與市場利害關係人一系列具有學術與實務價值的虛擬電廠操作工具，有助於加速虛擬電廠的推廣，擴大用戶側資源的調度與活用，並為政策制定者提供可行建議，提升市場運行效率，引領我國朝向穩健開放更多元的電力市場，順利達成2050淨零轉型目標。
摘要(英) In pursuit of the 2050 net-zero emissions target set by Taiwan, decarbonization of the energy department has emerged as a critical priority. This objective has driven the rapid development of renewable energy within the power grid. Concurrently, low-carbon transitions in the transportation and industrial sectors have introduced diverse and stochastic load patterns. As uncertainty in power generation and consumption increases, managing power systems has become increasingly complex. Addressing these challenges requires the integration of advanced information and communication technologies (ICT), data analytics, and flexible resources across varying timeframes to enhance system efficiency and stability.
Virtual power plants (VPPs) represent a key solution by aggregating diverse distributed energy resources (DERs) and utilizing advanced ICT and optimization algorithms for their coordination and management. By ensuring stakeholder satisfaction and optimizing benefits, VPPs enable participants to respond effectively to market price signals and/or grid operating conditions, providing demand-side flexibility. This capability significantly enhances the reliability and stability of the power system during the net-zero transition and is widely recognized as a critical element of power system decarbonization.
This dissertation begins with the exploration of investment evaluation and optimal scheduling models and methods for DERs, aimed at enabling an individual electricity user to meet their own energy consumption goals. Subsequently, the role and positioning of VPPs are analyzed under the current and future electricity market structures in Taiwan. The research investigates operational models and performance evaluation tools for resource surveys, composition assessment, and participation in various electricity markets and program mechanisms by individual users within a VPP. Three energy management optimization models for VPPs are developed and compared with four existing models. All models employ universal mathematical methods and programming software, utilizing real-world case data for simulation studies, and are tailored to address corresponding problems effectively.
As Taiwan′s electricity market liberalization is still in its early stages, this dissertation aims to provide investors and market stakeholders with a series of VPP operational models and tools that hold both academic and practical value. These models and tools can help enhance the dispatch and utilization of demand-side resources, offering actionable insights for policymakers to improve market efficiency. Ultimately, this supports the smooth achievement of Taiwan′s 2050 net-zero transition goals.
關鍵字(中) ★ 虛擬電廠
★ 淨零轉型
★ 電力自由化
★ 最佳化方法		 關鍵字(英) ★ Virtual Power Plant
★ Net-Zero Transition
★ Electricity Market Liberalization
★ Mathematical optimization
論文目次 摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
一、 緒論 1
1-1 研究緣起與目的 1
1-2 研究背景 5
1-2-1 我國淨零轉型推動目標 6
1-2-2 綠電先行政策與再生能源推動情形 7
1-2-3 我國交通電氣化政策發展 8
1-2-4 台電公司推動需量反應負載管理措施 10
1-2-5 我國電力市場自由化發展 11
1-2-6 淨零智慧電網與用戶側資源整合技術發展與演進 12
1-3 研究重要性 15
1-4 研究範圍與限制 16
1-4-1 研究範圍 16
1-4-2 研究限制 17
二、 文獻探討 19
2-1 虛擬電廠概念與運作發展情形 19
2-1-1 虛擬電廠發展緣起 19
2-1-2 虛擬電廠的定義 21
2-1-3 虛擬電廠的組成 23
2-1-4 虛擬電廠的架構與控制方式 31
2-1-5 虛擬電廠主要可參與之電力市場與方案機制 32
2-1-6 虛擬電廠的營運風險與挑戰 36
2-2 虛擬電廠決策要素與不確定性 38
2-2-1 虛擬電廠最佳化目標 38
2-2-2 研究變數與限制式 45
2-3 最佳化模型 52
2-3-1 模擬市場競爭決策關係的數學方法 52
2-3-2 最佳化問題的模型設計及求解 55
2-4 研究缺口 62
三、 研究方法 63
3-1 研究架構 63
3-1-1 單一用戶能源管理最佳化 64
3-1-2 我國電力市場架構與虛擬電廠定位探討 65
3-1-3 虛擬電廠資源組合與運轉管理最佳化 65
3-2 研究流程 67
3-3 理論論述 69
3-3-1 單一用戶能源管理最佳化 69
3-3-2 虛擬電廠資源組合與運轉管理最佳化 70
3-4 研究工具與模型建構 72
3-4-1 單一用戶能源管理最佳化 73
3-4-2 我國電力市場架構與虛擬電廠定位探討 92
3-4-3 虛擬電廠資源組合與運轉管理最佳化 102
四、 案例研究與結果 144
4-1 研究對象 144
4-1-1 低碳微電網實際案例 144
4-1-2 實現低碳能源與智慧管理的工廠策略與實踐 145
4-1-3 打造智慧低碳工業園區的策略與實踐 146
4-1-4 建立智慧住宅與社區的策略與實踐 148
4-1-5 推動智慧城市的策略與實踐 150
4-1-6 整合電動載具之虛擬電廠推動策略與實踐 153
4-2 模型數據資料與情境設定 156
4-2-1 用戶廠內用電與電源設備最佳化排程模型（模型一） 156
4-2-2 用戶表後儲能系統最佳化操作排程模型（模型二） 159
4-2-3 用戶整體發、用電與儲能設備最佳化能源組合與運轉決策模型（模型三） 161
4-2-4 虛擬電廠參與需量反應市場最佳化運轉操作與市場均衡模型（模型四） 165
4-2-5 虛擬電廠參與電力交易平台輔助服務市場最佳化投標策略模型（模型五） 166
4-2-6 虛擬電廠參與電能交易市場最佳化運轉操作與市場均衡模型（模型六） 168
4-2-7 虛擬電廠參與高度自由化電力市場最佳化運轉操作與市場均衡模型（模型七） 171
4-3 研究結果 175
4-3-1 單一用戶能源管理最佳化 175
4-3-2 我國電力市場架構與虛擬電廠定位探討 190
4-3-3 虛擬電廠資源組合與運轉管理最佳化 196
五、 結論與建議 241
5-1 結論 241
5-2 後續研究方向 249
參考文獻 251
附錄一、虛擬電廠用戶分散式資源盤點、調查與分析問卷 304
作者簡歷 308
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指導教授 林法正(Faa-Jeng Lin) 審核日期 2025-1-20
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