摘要(英) |
Since science and technology develop fast, a number of investigators pay attention to polymer nanomaterials. Among them, the study regarding to block copolymer has become a critical issue. In this study, we focused to synthesize a triblock copolymer, and then the synthesized chemicals with a long carbon were embedded in the interlayer of clay (montmorillonite) to increase basal spacing. The produced clay composite was characterized using various instruments. The prepared composite materials were applied to uptake non-ionic organic pollutants (NOCs) and inorganic metal ions.
Electronic properties, hydrophilicities, block copolymer size and synthesis sequence for the monomer to form triblock copolymer could affect the properties of composite materials. In this study, a method of “Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT)” was used to prepare the triblock copolymer. The block copolymers consist of methyl methacrylate (M), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (D), methacrylic acid (A). The amino-group in D possesses the positive charge, which can be regarded as a cationic surfactant. Hydrogen ion in A could dissociate to form anionic surfactant under the pH >7. M possesses the relatively higher hydrophobicity that dissociates difficultly. In the montmorillonite, it was modified with two different layers. After drying, the triblock copolymer was added to the modified soil. Then, the sample was dried to obtained a composite-clay.
The result indicated that the clay composites synthesized in this study can uptake organic pollutants, (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, BTEX), and metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+and Cr6+). Although the adsorptive amount of Cr6+ is lower than that in literature, the adsorbent can effectively remove Cr6+ from aqueous solution. For BTEX, the CS211modified clay can generate the best adsorption effect. Moreover, logkom values for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, were 2.37, 2.83, 3.24, and 3.25, respectively. As for the cationic meatal ions, the adsorptive amounts are higher than those in literature. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cu2+ and Pb2+ are 45.2 and 80 mg/g, respectively. The result demonstrated the clay had been modified successfully. The adsorption experiment for the organic compounds on the modified clay examined the level of the soil disintegration after the modification and whether the produced adsorbents uptake inorganic pollutants or not. According to the research results, CS112 modified clay was regarded as the best adsorbent to remove the test pollutants.
Key words:triblock copolymer, modified clay, RAFT polymerization, layer column, BTEX, Cr6-, Cu2+, Pb2+ |
參考文獻 |
1. Boyd,S.A.; Lee,J.F.; Mortland,M.“Attenuating Organic Contaminant Mobility by Soil Modification” Nature, 333, 345-347,1988
2. Lochner, Horst; Breker, Johannes,Agrarwirtschaft - Grundstufe Landwirt. Bornheim, Deutschland: BLV Buchverlag,2011
3. 于幼華、溫清光,環境科學大辭典,國立編譯館,2002
4. 陳炳濤,土壤地理與生物地理,華東師範大學出版社,1991
5. 郭魁士,土壤學,八版,台北:中國書局,1997
6. 黃裕銘,土壤簡介,第一篇土壤
7. Mary H. Stevenson,The nutritional value of cassava root meal in laying hen diets,1984
8. 賴芷伶,混摻團聯式共聚高分子在液態中藉由氫鍵形成之自組裝行為研究,2006
9. 石健忠、戴子安,科學發展,476期p.23,2012
10. Karine Khougaz, Irina Astafieva, and Adi Eisenberg ,Micellization in Block Polyelectrolyte Solutions. 3. Static Light Scattering Characterization,1995
11. Fiona L. Baines, Steven P. Armes, Norman C. Billingham, and Zdenek Tuzar ,Micellization of Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-block-methyl methacrylate) Copolymers in Aqueous Solution, Macromolecules 29,1996
12. YanLiu , JianboLi, JieRen, ChaoLin, JunzhaoLeng,Preparation and in vitro pH-responsive drug release of amphiphilic dendritic star-block copolymer complex micelles, Materials Letters127,8-11,2014
13. Qingqing Bian, Yan Xiao, Chen Zhou, Meidong Lang ,Synthesis, self-assembly, and pH-responsive behavior of (photo-crosslinked) star amphiphilic triblock copolymer,Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 392, 141-150,2013
14. Paul J. Flory, Principles of Polymer Chemistry,Cornell University Press, p.39,1953
15. Stevens, M. P. (1999). Polymer Chemistry,New York : Oxford University Press,pp. 17–18, 189–229
16. Henry Hsieh、Roderic P. Quirk,Anionic Polymerization: Principles and practical applications,1996
17. Braunecker, Wade A.、Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof,Controlled/living radical polymerization: Features, developments, and perspectives,Progress in Polymer Science,2007
18. Dotsevi Y. Sogah, Walter R. Hertler, Owen W. Webster, and Gordon M. Cohen,Group Transfer Polymerization. Polymerization of Acrylic Monomers,Macromolecules 20, 1987
19. Matyjaszewski K., Xia, J., Chem. Rev., 101, 2921,2001
20. J. Chiefari, Y. K. Chong, F. Ercole, J. Krstina, J. Jefery, T. P. T. Le, R. T. A. Mayadunne, G.F. Meijs, C. L. Moad, G. Moad, E. Rizzardo, S. H,Thong, Macromolecules,1998.
21. A. Goto, K. Sato, Y. Tsujii, T. Fukuda, G. Moad, E. Rizzardo and S. H,Thang,Macromolecules,2001
22. Perrine Bordes, Eric Pollet, Luc Averous,Nano-biocomposites: Biodegradable polyester/nanoclay systems,Progress in Polymer Science 34, 125–155,2009
23. 何如珍,雙團聯共聚物之合成與層狀黏土複合材料之製備及其吸持特性之研究,2017
24. Wang, X.S.; Qin,Y., Equilibrium sorption isotherms for of Cu2+on rice bran,Process Biochemistry, 40, pp.677-680,2005
25. Gulnaziya Issabayeva; Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua,Removal of lead from aqueous solutions on palm shell activated carbon,Bioresource Technology, 97, pp.2350-2355,2006
26. Abollion,O.; Aceto,M.; Malandrino,M.; Sarzanini,C.; Mentasti,E.,,Adsorption of Heavy Metals on Na-montmorillonite. Effect of pH and Organic Substances.,Water Research, 37, 1619-1627,2003
27. 陳誼庭,雙重功能層柱改質黏土之製備與吸持特性之研究,2015
28. 施雅婷,具特定官能基之改質土壤對污染物吸持作用之研究,2016
29. Quintelas C1, Fernandes B, Castro J, Figueiredo H, Tavares T,Biosorption of Cr(VI) by three different bacterial species supported on granular activated carbon: a comparative study. ,2008
30. lM.K.RaiG.ShahiV.MeenaR.MeenaS.ChakrabortyR.S.SinghB.N.Rai,Removal of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) using activated carbon prepared from mango kernel activated with H3PO4,2016 |