動態地磅設址及路段禁行策略最佳化之研究

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陳孜昊(Tzu-Hao Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

動態地磅設址及路段禁行策略最佳化之研究

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摘要(中)

交通管理單位為維護道路鋪面，需長期支出鉅額預算以確保其品質，而陸運車種中，對鋪面破壞最嚴重的車種為卡車，且卡車業者又常以超載的方式，試圖最大化其營運利潤，因此，管理者需針對超重卡車制定出一套管理準則，用以規範卡車業者，並減緩卡車對路面環境與鋪面破壞情形。目前國外多使用動態地磅做為管理超重卡車的策略，而現今由於科技進步，卡車業者易於尋找最小成本路徑，且實務上除了動態地磅之外，還可增添更多道路管理策略，故本研究考量將路段禁行概念，納入規劃管理超重卡車的範疇，並對新增的超重卡車管理策略做探討，使將來決策者能有效率地規劃不同策略之位址。
本研究為模擬實務中交通管理單位與卡車業者交互之行為，利用數學規劃方法與網路流動技巧，發展雙層數學規劃模型，目標為最小化管理單位維護道路破壞成本，與道路服務水準降低所致之管理成本。模式求解方面，本研究為模擬管理者選址之時決策方式，上層使用數學規劃模式並透過套裝軟體CPLEX求解，下層則採用最短路徑演算法求解，將兩者結合後，發展多回合啟發解法。輸入資料部分，本研究參考內華達州之模擬路網進行範例測試，測試結果顯示，部分道路禁行或關閉部分車道後，管理者所需支出之道路維護成本，相較以往僅考量設置地磅策略時多半較低，而求解效果良好，並對輸入資料的參數進行調整，進行敏感度與方案分析，期能供未來管理者於不同情境下，在輸入參數部分，做出有效之調整與後續決策。

摘要(英)

As far as road administration is concerned, the overweight trucks could result in serious damage to roads. Road administration need to reduce the negative costs caused by truckers; as a consequence, the government should enact relevant laws. To solve the problem, weight-in motion has been widely discussed in recent years. As a result of the well developed technology of today, truckers would drive on the minimum cost roads easily instead of k-th shortest path. This thesis presented multiple strategies of road traffic management based on the concept of restricted traffic lane and road closed.

This thesis employs mathematical programming methods and network flow techniques to develop a Bi-Level mathematical programming method. The upper level aims to minimize the
damage caused by overweight truckers’ evasive behavior and the additional cost incurred from the decrease of level of service. The lower level model simulates truckers will choose the minimum cost roads according to the deployment of several strategies of road traffic management. Due to the difficulty in solving the mathematical programming method, this thesis performed heuristic to solve the bi-level model efficiently. This thesis not only evaluated model though imitated Nevada network but conducted different stages of sensitivity analysis. The result showed that the combined three strategies outperform using weigh-in-motion. It is hoped
that the model will help road administration to make decision efficiently in the future.

關鍵字(中)

★ 卡車動態地磅
★ 限制部分車道
★ 服務水準
★ 雙層數學規劃
★ 啟發解法

關鍵字(英)

★ Weigh-In-Motion
★ Road closed
★ Level of service
★ Bi-Level
★ Heuristic

論文目次

摘要 .................................................................................................................................... I
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. II
誌謝 ................................................................................................................................. III
目錄 ................................................................................................................................. IV
表目錄 ............................................................................................................................ VII
圖目錄 ............................................................................................................................. IX
第一章緒論 ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 ........................................................................................................ 1
1.2 研究目的與範圍 ........................................................................................................ 2
1.3 研究方法與流程 ........................................................................................................ 3
第二章卡車相關文獻 ........................................................................................................ 4
2.1 卡車資料相關文獻 .................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 卡車造成路面之破壞 ........................................................................................ 5
2.1.2 卡車之旅行成本 ................................................................................................ 6
2.1.3 卡車之相關法規 ................................................................................................ 7
2.2 動態地磅相關文獻 .................................................................................................... 8
2.3 選址最佳化相關文獻 ................................................................................................ 9
2.4 雙層數學規劃問題 .................................................................................................. 12
2.5 運輸網路相關文獻 .................................................................................................. 14
2.6 文獻評析 .................................................................................................................. 16
第三章模式構建 .............................................................................................................. 17
3.1 模式假設 .................................................................................................................. 18
3.2 數學定式 .................................................................................................................. 20
3.2.1 目標式、限制式說明 .............................................................................................. 24
3.3 模式討論 .................................................................................................................. 27
3.4 模式測試 .................................................................................................................. 28
3.5 模式求解流程 .......................................................................................................... 30
3.5.1 模式輸出資料 .................................................................................................. 33
3.6 小結 .......................................................................................................................... 34
第四章範例測試 .............................................................................................................. 35
4.1 輸入資料分析 .......................................................................................................... 35
4.1.1 卡車資料設計 .................................................................................................. 36
4.1.2 動態地磅設置之成本評估 .............................................................................. 36
4.1.3 禁行卡車策略之成本評估 .............................................................................. 36
4.1.4 關閉部分車道策略之成本評估 ...................................................................... 37
4.1.5 卡車業者行駛成本 .......................................................................................... 37
4.1.6 問題規模 .......................................................................................................... 37
4.1.7 電腦演算環境 .................................................................................................. 38
4.1.8 求解參數設定 .................................................................................................. 38
4.2 測試範例分析 .......................................................................................................... 40
4.3 敏感度測試 .............................................................................................................. 49
4.4 方案分析 .................................................................................................................. 52
4.4.1 服務水準權重之測試 ...................................................................................... 53
4.4.2 輸入不同策略總數限制 .................................................................................. 60
4.4.3 比較各策略實施種類 ...................................................................................... 69
4.5 小結 .......................................................................................................................... 71
第五章結論與建議 .......................................................................................................... 72
5.1 結論 .......................................................................................................................... 72
5.2 建議 .......................................................................................................................... 73
5.3 貢獻 .......................................................................................................................... 74
參考文獻 .................................................................................................................................. 75
附錄 .......................................................................................................................................... 79
附錄一、卡車輸入資料(一) ................................................................................................ 79
附錄二、卡車輸入資料(二) ................................................................................................ 81
附錄三、關閉節線之優先順序 .......................................................................................... 84
附錄四、關閉部分道路之優先順序 .................................................................................. 96

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指導教授

顏上堯(Shang-Yao Yan)

審核日期

2019-8-6

推文