| 摘要(英) |
The problem that the construction industry is facing is that the construction quality of engineering projects using traditional construction method is being questioned. Moreover, labor shortage problem is severe. With the development of science and technology and the trend of lower birthrate, the precast concrete method is gradually taking over the cast-in-place method, hoping to solve the labor shortage problem. Furthermore, the precast method can minimize the weather influence and this can help solve the problem of not being able to perform construction due to extreme cold and hot conditions. The precast method can improve the building quality through industrialized means. It adopts a “synchronized engineering strategy” to reach the goal of rapid construction and reduce energy consumption along with noise pollution at the same time. The main engineering project of precast concrete includes tunnel linings, precast concrete curtain walls, stadium stands, structural beams and columns and floor slabs.
The two largest companies in the precast concrete field in Taiwan are Runhorn Pretech Engineering Co., Ltd and Ya Li Precast Prestressed Concrete Industries Corp. The production and operation of a precast concrete company generates “internal cost” and “external cost”. Profit and revenue related to internal cost can be learned from a listed company’s public accounting and financial statements. The accounting and financial statements allow us to learn a company’s operating conditions in a precise sense. As for external cost, it generally means the negative effect and impact caused on society and other private sectors. Electricity is the main energy consumption for factory operation. Greenhouse gas emissions, including nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide, produced during electricity production are an important factor that causes global warming. Sulfur dioxide is the main cause of acid rain. What’s worse, the particulate matter emitted during electricity power generation is the main root of severe respiratory syndrome. Therefore, in addition to discussing the "internal cost" of a precast concrete plant itself, this study takes the "external cost" of electricity demand generated during the manufacturing process of precast products into consideration. The study shades light on the shadow price estimation of external costs caused by electricity consumption in the concrete plant; moreover, the study discusses the monetization benefit assessment of energy conservation and carbon reduction in the precast engineering process.
Energy conservation and carbon reduction are the trend of economic development all over the world. Under the assignment for regulated quota of carbon rights, we can participate in carbon trading activity regarding spatial regions or temporal interval in order to maximize the level of whole economic development and implement social justice of user charge. However, how to foster interaction between carbon trading and economic growth is the crucial issue. There are 3 carbon trading models involved in this study such as NT model, ST model and STT model. Moreover, the operational situation of DMU’s throughput direction also defined as throughput optimization consistency is taken into consideration. With the efficiency change of Malmquist productivity index (MPI), we can measure DMU’s performance and find out the shortages to make improvement on efficiency. It’s known as “throughput optimization consistency vs. efficiency change”. This study adopts meta-DEA model to figure out marginal productivity and find out optimal throughput under different weights which is assigned. We can use the law of cosine to calculate throughput optimization consistency. Taking a look at efficiency change which is known as efficiency ratio crossing 2 years.
Under the two issues mentioned above, this study is based on 22 counties and cities in Taiwan. We take electricity consumption, labor number and fiscal expenditure as input data. Then, we collect output data of gross income and carbon dioxide. Through data envelopment analysis (DEA), we implement the efficiency analysis of 22 counties and cities in Taiwan. As for the first issue, this study establishes NT model, ST model and STT model, which are regarding DEA model. We can establish four quadrants of “increasing carbon rights (%) vs. benchmarking ratio of increasing desirable output (%)” for 22 counties and cities evaluation. The result shows that lots of agricultural counties and cities can obtain great efficiency improvements through NT model. Taking a look into ST model and STT model, we find that Tainan City acquires the most increasing carbon rights with the increase of the average gross income. Changhua County acquires the lowest increasing carbon rights under the increase of the average gross income. Finally, we use Mathematical Programming to calculate the shadow price of carbon trading models.
In terms of the second issue, this study still takes 22 counties and cities in Taiwan as DMU. We propose the two-dimensional chart divided into 4 quadrants and established by “throughput optimization consistency vs. efficiency change”. The 4 quadrants are divided into "Leader", "Throughput optimization consistency focus", "Laggard" and “Efficiency focus ". All DMUs can formulate improvement on direction when they are assigned to specific position. |
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