以卡爾曼濾波器達成之蛇型機器人狀態監測與行動策略

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姓名

王韜(Tao Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

以卡爾曼濾波器達成之蛇型機器人狀態監測與行動策略
(Snake Robot Motion Strategy with Kalman Filter)

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摘要(中)

本論文主要探討蛇型機器人的行動策略，以現實中蛇的"側行式(sidewinding)"行動模式為原型，探討其行動原理並分析該運動模式的數學模型作為行動策略的基礎，再以 MIT 於2018年前後發表的" Cheetah 3 "機器人中不依賴視覺的"接觸檢測演算法(contact detection algorithm)"為啟發，透過電流感測器檢測流經馬達的電流大小，以卡爾曼濾波器推估其所受扭矩，達成接觸感測的狀態回授，以求進一步改善其行動效率以及對周遭環境的適應。

摘要(英)

This thesis mainly discusses the action strategy of the snake-like robot. Taking the "sidewinding" action of the snake in reality as the prototype, it discusses its action principle and analyzes the mathematical model of the movement mode as the basis of the action strategy. Inspired by the "contact detection algorithm" on the "Cheetah 3" that does not rely on vision, the current flowing through the motor is detected by the current sensor, and the Kalman filter is used to estimate the torque it receives to achieve the state feedback of contact sensing, in order to further improve its operational efficiency and adaptation to the surrounding environment.

關鍵字(中)

★ 蛇型機器人
★ 扭矩接觸感測
★ 卡爾曼濾波器
★ 側行

關鍵字(英)

★ Snake Robot
★ Torque Contact Detection
★ Kalman Filter
★ Sidewinding

論文目次

一、緒論............................................ 1
1.1 背景介紹........................................ 1
1.2 研究目的與動機.................................. 1
1.3 文獻回顧........................................ 2
1.4 論文架構........................................ 3

二、硬體元件與硬體架構................................5
2.1 硬體架構........................................ 5
2.1.1 頭部支架...................................... 6
2.1.2 軀幹關節...................................... 7
2.2 硬體元件........................................ 9
2.2.1 主控處理元件.................................. 9
2.2.2 控制元件及馬達................................ 11
2.2.3 感測模組..................................... 13
2.2.4 電源供應..................................... 14

三、狀態監測與回授.................................. 17
3.1 伺服馬達扭矩-電流特性檢測........................ 17
3.1.1 實驗架構..................................... 17
3.1.2 實驗結果..................................... 21
3.2 卡爾曼濾波器之數學建模.......................... 23
3.2.1 卡爾曼濾波器................................. 23
3.2.2 數學模型建立................................. 26

四、行動策略....................................... 30
4.1 蛇側行運動..................................... 30
4.2 運動模型....................................... 32
4.3 MATLAB 模擬.................................... 34
4.4 基於狀態回授之行動策略.......................... 37

五、控制流程及實驗結果.............................. 40
5.1 控制流程....................................... 40
5.1.1 蛇側行函式................................... 40
5.1.2 跨步調整..................................... 42
5.2 實驗測試....................................... 45
5.2.1 實驗環境..................................... 45
5.2.2 實驗結果..................................... 47

六、總結........................................... 50
6.1 結論.......................................... 50
6.2 未來展望....................................... 50
參考文獻........................................... 52

參考文獻

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(2010). A four legged walking robot with obstacle overcoming capabilities.
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7. Kurkutlu, Omer and Mchunu, Mlondi and SHBOOR, EZZADDIN.
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8. Naclerio, N. D., Karsai, A., Murray-Cooper, M., Ozkan-Aydin, Y.,
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10. A. Kakogawa, T. Kawabata and S. Ma, ”Plate-Springed Parallel
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12. V Arun Kumar et al 2021, ”Snake Robots for Rescue Operation”,
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14. Mizuki Nakajima, Motoyasu Tanaka, Kazuo Tanaka & Fumitoshi
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指導教授

羅吉昌(Lo, Ji-Chang)

審核日期

2022-8-25

推文