摘要(英) |
Millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) hybrid-beamforming systems are essential for recent wireless communications. However, the system performance relies heavily on beamforming gain. Thus beam training and beam search are critical to establish the communication link. In this paper, the campus channel model in WiWEBA is adopted. A hierarchical beam search algorithm is designed and implemented for wideband communication systems. In the beginning, multiple beams in the top level of a hierarchical codebook with coverage approaching omni-directional radiation pattern are used for packet detection. Then, PN-sequence is transmitted and the beam patterns in lower levels are utilized for further refinement to strike a good balance for performance and search complexity. A space-time beam search scheme is employed to distinguish the angle-of-arrival (AoA), angle-of-departure (AoD) and delay of each path. The corresponding hardware is also implemented. The hardware sharing technique is used to reduce the hardware cost. Finally, the hardware of space-time beam search is designed and verified in 40 nm CMOS technology. The area is about 157856 μm^2 while it takes about 5445 clock cycles for beam search at 200MHz clock frequency. |
參考文獻 |
[1] S. Sun, T. S. Rappaport, R. W. Heath, A. Nix, and S. Rangan, “Mimo for millimeter-wave wireless communications: beamforming, spatial multiplexing, or both?" IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 110-121, 2014.
[2] Zhenyu Xiao, Hang Dong, Lin Bai, Pengfei Xia, Xiang-Gen Xia “Enhanced Channel Estimation and Codebook Design for Millimeter-Wave Communication, ” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2018, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2018.2854369.
[3]“MiWEBA (Millimeter-wave Evolution for Backhaul and Access) Channel Model-ing and Characterization, vol. FP7-ICT-608637 EU Contract, 2014”.
[4] Chun-Chuan Tsai ,“Time-Domain Channel Estimation Based on Zadoff- Chu Sequence for Hybrid Beamforming Systems,” National Central University Master’s Thesis, 2021
[5] J. Pan W. J. Tompkins, “A Real-Time QRS Detection Algorithm,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. BME-32 (3): 230-236
[6] P. Tsai, Z. Chang, Z. Huang and W. Jau, “"Design and evaluation of a 4×4 MIMO-OFDM transceiver for gigabit indoor wireless communications," 2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, 2010, pp. 955-958, doi: 10.1109/APCCAS.2010.5774939.”.
[7] Chun-Yu Chen, "Hybrid-Precoding-Based MIMO Filtered-OFDM Processor with Carrier Frequency Offset Synchronization for Millimeter Wave Systems," Master’s thesis, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, 2023.
[8] S. Noh, M. D. Zoltowski and D. J. Love, "Multi-Resolution Codebook and Adaptive Beamforming Sequence Design for Millimeter Wave Beam Alignment," in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 5689-5701, Sept. 2017, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2017.2713357. |