智慧反射面協助下多使用者多輸入多輸出正交分頻多重存取系統之通道估計

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姓名

賴品叡(Pin-Ruei Lai) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程學系

論文名稱

智慧反射面協助下多使用者多輸入多輸出正交分頻多重存取系統之通道估計
(Channel Estimation for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Multi-user MIMO-OFDMA System)

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2029-7-31以後開放)

摘要(中)

隨著現今無線通訊的進步，無論是存取點(access point, AP)還是站點(station, STA)都導致了天線需求量的急速增加。因此在多使用者的多輸入多輸出(MIMO)系統中，採取整體效能的優化是必要方法。通道估計便是協助效能優化的前提，它能夠有效協助我們得知通道內重要的參數，像是角度、增益以及延遲，而進一步去調整通道的能量消耗以及整體系統的涵蓋範圍。
智慧反射面(Intelligent reflecting surface, IRS)在無線通訊系統中扮演一個重要的腳色，因為它能夠提升整體通訊系統的涵蓋範圍、資料的吞吐量以及功率消耗。由於它是被動裝置，相較發送端及接收端，其內部的元件數量也較為龐大。
本論文描述一個針對多使用者的多輸入多輸出，且有IRS輔助的上行系統，採取針對該系統中重要參數的通道估計；同時對IRS內部反射元件進行分組(grouping)的處理，來降低原先較為龐大的運算量。我們創建的訓練資料會在發送端(STA)做傳輸，經過IRS反射後抵達接收端(AP)，該筆資料會以三維形式來表達。我們利用張量(tensor)運算以及訊號的旋轉不變性(rotational invariance)，來完成通道參數的估計。不同使用者會利用指定的訓練子載波(subcarrier)來做估計，以此來區分通道參數對應的使用者。在我們的模擬結果，在反射元件數量為64的情形中，我們採取兩種的分組方法：分成4組及分成16組，兩者的正歸化均方誤差(normalized mean square error, NMSE)分別為 3.2×〖10〗^(-3) 和 2.6×〖10〗^(-3)，前者在乘法器的使用數量則是分別降低了24.2% 和19.5%。

摘要(英)

Following with the advanced wireless communication, both the base station and user equipment cause the requirement of antennas increase extremely. Therefore, it is an essential step to improve the overall performance in a multiuser MIMO system. Channel estimation can help on leverage some significant parameters on channel, i.e., angle, path gain and delay, which have high relationship with performance.
Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has become a significant paradigm to create a favorable environment, which include improve the wireless communication coverage, throughput and energy efficiency. IRS is a kind of passive device, which means it doesn’t employee any transmit/receive radio frequency (RF) chain. It becomes a practically challenging task due to its massive number of passive elements.
In this thesis, we focus on an uplink channel estimation for an IRS-aided multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We model the training signal from the user equipment to the base station via IRS as a third-order canonical polyadic tensor with a maximal tensor rank equal to the number of elements. We model different kinds of grouping schemes on elements. We extract the cascaded channel parameters by leveraging the characteristic of tensor computation and signal rotational invariance. In simulation part, we define the number of elements is 64 and there has two kinds of grouping method: 4 Groups and 16 Groups. Their performances on NMSE are 3.2×〖10〗^(-3) and 2.6×〖10〗^(-3), respectively. Focusing on the number of multiplications, the former case alleviates about 24.2% and 19.5% than the letter case, respectively.

關鍵字(中)

★ 智能反射面
★ 通道估計
★ 多使用者
★ 多輸入多輸出
★ 正交分頻多重存取

關鍵字(英)

★ intelligent reflecting surface
★ channel estimation
★ multi-user
★ MIMO
★ OFDMA

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
表目錄 v
圖目錄 vi
第一章緒論 1
1.1 簡介 1
1.2 研究動機 1
1.3 論文組織 2
第二章智慧反射面輔助下之多使用者多輸入多輸出系統模型 3
2.1 多使用者多輸入多輸出系統 3
2.2 系統環境 4
2.3 正交分頻多重存取(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, OFDMA) 6
2.4 通道參數設置 6
2.5 張量運算 8
2.5.1 張量外積運算(tensor outer product) 8
2.5.2 mode-n product 9
第三章傳統智慧反射面輔助下通道估計演算法 10
3.1 最小平方法 10
3.2 波束搜尋 (Beam Search)[7] 14
3.3 兩段式通道估計 19
3.4 多使用者系統通道估計 23
3.5 相關文獻統整 29
第四章所提出之多使用者多輸入多輸出通道估計方法 31
4.1 張量系統 31
4.2 格點分組(Lattice Grouping) 32
4.3 傳輸協議 35
4.4 演算法 37
4.4.1 張量折疊(Tensor Unfolding) 38
4.4.2 透過旋轉不變技術估計通道參數(Estimation of Signal Parameter via Rotational Invariance Technique，ESPRIT) 39
4.4.3 分段碼簿之估計結果合併及篩選 42
4.4.4 張量估計貢獻消除 43
4.4.5 IRS角度參數估計 45
4.4.6 路徑增益估計 46
4.5 演算法虛擬碼 47
第五章效能表現與運算複雜度評估 52
5.1 套用其它文獻環境模擬比較 52
5.1.1 和波束搜尋演算法[7]比較 52
5.1.2 和TRICE演算法[8]比較 54
5.2 多使用者環境模擬 56
5.3 隨機角度套用在IRS參數之模擬結果 63
5.4 運算複雜度評估 67
第六章結論 71
參考文獻 72

參考文獻

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[8] K. Ardah, S. Gherekhloo, A. L. F. de Almeida and M. Haardt, "TRICE: A Channel Estimation Framework for RIS-Aided Millimeter-Wave MIMO Systems," in IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 28, pp. 513-517, 2021
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[11] F. Wen, H. C. So and H. Wymeersch, "Tensor Decomposition-based Beamspace Esprit Algorithm for Multidimensional Harmonic Retrieval," ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Barcelona, Spain, 2020, pp. 4572-4576
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指導教授

蔡佩芸(Pei-Yun Tsai)

審核日期

2024-8-12

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