台灣石門水庫之表層、中層水與下游飲用水廠中微型塑膠之時空分佈、組成與相關性

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：38

、訪客IP：3.147.80.249

姓名

李宗則(Tsung-Tze Lee) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

環境工程研究所

論文名稱

台灣石門水庫之表層、中層水與下游飲用水廠中微型塑膠之時空分佈、組成與相關性
(Spatiotemporal Distribution and Composition of Microplastics in Shimen Reservoir and Downstream Water Treatment Plant in Taiwan)

相關論文

★ Advanced Wastewater Analysis: AI-Integrated Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) System for COD Online Monitoring	★ 電混凝法應用於金屬表面處理廢水對於處理效率的影響
★ 聚乳酸塑膠在環境水體中的老化及重金屬吸附之探討	★ 化學回收廢棄聚乳酸(PLA) 及製備聚氨酯材料
★ 錳改質牡蠣殼固定土壤中鎘和銅之研究	★ 職業噪音暴露對人體健康影響研究-以玻璃纖維工廠為例
★ 反向電透析(RED)產電效能評估 -以濃度、流速、膜對數及流道厚度為操作參數	★ 以反向電透析(RED)系統產電並去除氨氮
★ 比較電動堆高機語音式、間歇式、寬頻式警報裝置對作業場所工作者之安全效用探討，以C 造紙廠為例	★ 煅燒條件對牡蠣殼抗菌能力之影響及抗菌物種- 單線態氧的檢測
★ 臺灣石門水庫及入庫河川表層水中微型塑膠時空分佈、組成與相關性調查	★ Feasibility Study of Lanthanum-Modified Calcined Oyster Shells for Phosphorus Removal from Aquatic Environments
★ 氮改質煅燒牡蠣殼提升水中亞甲基藍染料吸附和光催化降解之研究	★ 桃園市三合一生質能中心提升一般廢棄物清除處理效能之研究
★ 耐熱型聚乳酸與非耐熱型聚乳酸塑膠回收再利用過程之特性研究	★ 桌上型能量分散式X射線螢光光譜儀(ED XRF)分析製程廢液之銅、鎳濃度方法開發

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

至系統瀏覽論文 (2028-1-1以後開放)

摘要(中)

全球對環境中微型塑膠污染的關注日益增加。在不同生態環境中，甚至在人類活動較少的地方，都已發現微型塑膠的存在。各種生物體內和人體器官中均檢測出微型塑膠，飲用水和食品中也不例外。微型塑膠因具有較高的比表面積，容易吸附環境中的污染物，生物攝入後，這些污染物可能在體內脫附，影響健康，而這些生物最終可能又被人類攝入，形成污染物在食物鏈中的傳遞和放大效應。
目前台灣對上游集水區到下游飲用水處理廠(Drinking Water Treatment Plant，DWTP)中的微型塑膠污染研究有限，環境中微型塑膠相關研究也相對不足。因此本研究為台灣首篇完整調查上游集水區到下游飲用水處理系統中微型塑膠污染的研究，自2023年8月至2024年6月，於石門水庫及其下游DWTP進行微型塑膠之採樣調查，水庫共採樣五次，而DWTP共採樣三次。樣品以芬頓法和密度分離法對表層水樣進行前處理，以尼羅紅染色法輔助識別微型塑膠，最後再以μ-Raman光譜儀進行聚合物種類的鑑定。主要深入調查桃園石門水庫的水體，包括表層水和中層水，以及位於下游的飲用水廠各處理單元對微型塑膠的去除效率，並以聚合物風險指數、污染負荷指數、污染風險指數評估水體中微型塑膠污染的程度。
研究結果顯示，所有採樣點均受到微型塑膠污染，並且表層水和中層水中的微型塑膠豐度分別為4.53 ± 2.3 items/L和4.12 ± 1.86 items/L。在微型塑膠尺寸分佈方面，小於 300 μm的微型塑膠佔比超過80%，形狀分佈上，各採樣點的微型塑膠主要為碎片占70%以上。石門水庫中的主要聚合物類型是PP、PE和PET，水庫PRI為最高污染風險等級(V)，到最低污染程度等級(I)，整體而言，石門水庫的微型塑膠污染程度較輕微。在DWTP中沉澱池去除效率最高，可達63%；快濾池去除效率最低，僅11%；清水池的去除效率為46%。整體微型塑膠的去除效率達到83%，DWTP內除了原水採樣點為最高污染風險等級(V)外，其餘採樣點的污染程度均為最低等級(I)，說明DWTP在去除污染物和微型塑膠的效果顯著。統計分析顯示，水庫微型塑膠豐度與採樣日前72小時累積降雨量有顯著正相關。降雨被認為是微型塑膠豐度增加的重要原因。微型塑膠豐度也受到地表特徵所影響，曲流地形間微型塑膠豐度發現了顯著差異(p < 0.05)。

摘要(英)

Global concern about microplastic pollution is increasing, with microplastics detected in various environments, including remote areas with minimal human activity. These particles have been found in organisms, human organs, drinking water, and food. Due to their high surface area, microplastics can adsorb environmental pollutants, which may impact health upon ingestion and can transfer up the food chain.
This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of microplastic pollution from upstream catchment areas to downstream drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) in Taiwan. Conducted from August 2023 to June 2024, the research involved collecting microplastic samples from Shimen Reservoir and its downstream DWTP. The reservoir was sampled five times over the study period, while the DWTP was sampled three times. Surface water samples were pre-treated using the Fenton method and density separation, identified with Nile Red staining, and analyzed with μ-Raman spectroscopy. The study assessed microplastic pollution levels in surface and intermediate waters of the reservoir, and evaluated the removal efficiency of various DWTP treatment units using the Hazard Index (H), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Pollution Risk Index (PRI).
Results revealed microplastic pollution at all sampling points, with surface and intermediate water concentrations of 4.53 ± 2.3 items/L and 4.12 ± 1.86 items/L, respectively. The majority of microplastics were in the 37~300 μm size range, and fragments constituted over 70% of the samples. The primary polymers identified were PP, PE, and PET. The PRI varied from the highest (V) to the lowest (I) pollution levels, with Shimen Reservoir exhibiting relatively minor pollution. In the DWTP, the sedimentation basin demonstrated the highest removal efficiency at 63%, whereas the rapid filtration had the lowest at 11%, and the treated water achieved 46%. Overall, the DWTP reached an 83% removal efficiency, with all sampling points, except raw water, showing the lowest pollution level (I), indicating effective microplastic removal. Statistical analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between microplastic levels and rainfall in the 72 hours preceding sampling, suggesting that rainfall is a major factor influencing microplastic abundance. Additionally, microplastic levels varied significantly with meandering terrain (p < 0.05).

關鍵字(中)

★ 微型塑膠
★ 水庫
★ 地形
★ 降雨
★ 污染風險評估
★ 飲用水廠

關鍵字(英)

★ Microplastics
★ Reservoir
★ Terrain
★ Rainfall
★ PRI
★ DWTP

論文目次

摘要iii
目錄v
圖目錄viii
表目錄x
第一章前言1
1.1 研究緣起1
1.2 研究目的與重要性2
第二章文獻回顧與探討4
2.1 塑膠之起源4
2.2 塑膠種類5
2.3 微型塑膠之定義8
2.4 微型塑膠之來源9
2.5 微型塑膠之影響10
2.5.1 微型塑膠對生物的影響10
2.5.2 微型塑膠對環境的影響11
2.5.3 微型塑膠對人體健康的影響12
2.6 微型塑膠之環境分佈13
2.7 微型塑膠之限制對策14
2.8 水體中微型塑膠的檢測17
2.8.1 表層、中層水採樣方法17
2.8.2 微型塑膠之前處理20
2.8.3微型塑膠分析24
第三章研究材料與方法28
3.1 研究架構28
3.2 研究區域29
3.2.1 石門水庫29
3.2.2 下游飲用水廠33
3.3 採樣方法34
3.4 微型塑膠之定量及定性35
3.4.1 分離無機物35
3.4.2 氧化有機物36
3.4.3 定量方法37
3.4.4 定性方法39
3.5 實驗用藥品與溶液40
3.6 品質保證與品質控制40
3.6.1 污染控制41
3.6.2 密度分離回收率試驗42
3.6.3 空白試驗43
3.7 數據分析44
3.7.1 污染風險評估44
3.7.2 相關性分析48
第四章結果與討論49
4.1 密度分離回收率試驗49
4.2 空白試驗50
4.2.1 空氣空白(Air blanks)50
4.2.2 程序空白(Procedural blanks)51
4.3 微型塑膠檢出率52
4.4 石門水庫微型塑膠之分佈53
4.4.1 表層水豐度54
4.4.2 中層水豐度57
4.4.3 微型塑膠之形狀分佈60
4.4.4 微型塑膠之尺寸分佈62
4.5 石門水庫微型塑膠與降雨量之相關性64
4.6 飲用水處理廠(DWTP)微型塑膠之去除能力66
4.6.1 微型塑膠之去除效率67
4.6.2 混凝/沉澱處理單元68
4.6.3 快濾池處理單元68
4.6.4 清水池處理單元69
4.6.5 微型塑膠之尺寸與形狀分佈71
4.7 微型塑膠之聚合物類型74
4.8 微型塑膠之污染風險評估(PRI)80
第五章結論與建議82
5.1 石門水庫82
5.2 DWTP83
5.3 建議84
參考文獻85
附錄99
空白試驗結果圖像99
統計分析結果100
各測站於各採樣月份之微型塑膠形狀、尺寸分佈101
微型塑膠照片105
採樣照片107
口試委員提問建議108

參考文獻

Acarer, S. (2023). Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in drinking water treatment plants, distribution systems, water from refill kiosks, tap waters and bottled waters. Sci Total Environ, 884, 163866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163866
Ahmad, M., Chen, J., Khan, M. T., Yu, Q., Phairuang, W., Furuuchi, M., Ali, S. W., Nawab, A., & Panyametheekul, S. (2023). Sources, analysis, and health implications of atmospheric microplastics. Emerging Contaminants, 9(3).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2023.100233
Al-Azzawi, M. S. M., Kefer, S., Weißer, J., Reichel, J., Schwaller, C., Glas, K., Knoop, O., & Drewes, J. E. (2020). Validation of Sample Preparation Methods for Microplastic Analysis in Wastewater Matrices—Reproducibility and Standardization. Water, 12(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092445
Alomar, C., & Deudero, S. (2017). Evidence of microplastic ingestion in the shark Galeus melastomus Rafinesque, 1810 in the continental shelf off the western Mediterranean Sea. Environ Pollut, 223, 223-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.015
Amato-Lourenco, L. F., Carvalho-Oliveira, R., Junior, G. R., Dos Santos Galvao, L., Ando, R. A., & Mauad, T. (2021). Presence of airborne microplastics in human lung tissue. J Hazard Mater, 416, 126124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126124
Amato-Lourenco, L. F., Dos Santos Galvao, L., Wiebeck, H., Carvalho-Oliveira, R., & Mauad, T. (2022). Atmospheric microplastic fallout in outdoor and indoor environments in Sao Paulo megacity. Sci Total Environ, 821, 153450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153450
Arias, A. H., Alvarez, G., Pozo, K., Pribylova, P., Klanova, J., Rodriguez Pirani, L. S., Picone, A. L., Alvarez, M., & Tombesi, N. (2023). Beached microplastics at the Bahia Blanca Estuary (Argentina): Plastic pellets as potential vectors of environmental pollution by POPs. Mar Pollut Bull, 187, 114520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114520
Arthur, C. (2009). Proceedings of the International Research Workshop on the Occurrence, Effects and Fate of Microplastic Marine Debris.
Au, S. Y., Bruce, T. F., Bridges, W. C., & Klaine, S. J. (2015). Responses of Hyalella azteca to acute and chronic microplastic exposures. Environ Toxicol Chem, 34(11), 2564-2572. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3093
Bai, W., Wang, F., Yan, L., Sun, H., Zhu, Z., Chen, L., Li, J., Liang, W., & Li, A. (2022). Porous organic polymers (POPs) membrane via thiol-yne click chemistry for efficient particulate matter capture and microplastics separation. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2021.111509
Ballent, A., Corcoran, P. L., Madden, O., Helm, P. A., & Longstaffe, F. J. (2016). Sources and sinks of microplastics in Canadian Lake Ontario nearshore, tributary and beach sediments. Mar Pollut Bull, 110(1), 383-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.037
Bancin, L. J., Walther, B. A., Lee, Y. C., & Kunz, A. (2019). Two-dimensional distribution and abundance of micro- and mesoplastic pollution in the surface sediment of Xialiao Beach, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Mar Pollut Bull, 140, 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.028
Barbier, J.-S., Dris, R., Lecarpentier, C., Raymond, V., Delabre, K., Thibert, S., Tassin, B., & Gasperi, J. (2022). Microplastic occurrence after conventional and nanofiltration processes at drinking water treatment plants: Preliminary results. Frontiers in Water, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.886703
Barboza, L. G. A., Vieira, L. R., & Guilhermino, L. (2018). Single and combined effects of microplastics and mercury on juveniles of the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Changes in behavioural responses and reduction of swimming velocity and resistance time. Environ Pollut, 236, 1014-1019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.082
Biginagwa, F. J., Mayoma, B. S., Shashoua, Y., Syberg, K., & Khan, F. R. (2016). First evidence of microplastics in the African Great Lakes: Recovery from Lake Victoria Nile perch and Nile tilapia. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 42(1), 146-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.10.012
Browne, M. A., Crump, P., Niven, S. J., Teuten, E., Tonkin, A., Galloway, T., & Thompson, R. (2011). Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines woldwide: sources and sinks. Environ Sci Technol, 45(21), 9175-9179. https://doi.org/10.1021/es201811s
Caron, A. G. M., Thomas, C. R., Berry, K. L. E., Motti, C. A., Ariel, E., & Brodie, J. E. (2018). Ingestion of microplastic debris by green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Great Barrier Reef: Validation of a sequential extraction protocol. Mar Pollut Bull, 127, 743-751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.062
Catarino, A. I., Macchia, V., Sanderson, W. G., Thompson, R. C., & Henry, T. B. (2018). Low levels of microplastics (MP) in wild mussels indicate that MP ingestion by humans is minimal compared to exposure via household fibres fallout during a meal. Environ Pollut, 237, 675-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.069
Catarino, A. I., Thompson, R., Sanderson, W., & Henry, T. B. (2017). Development and optimization of a standard method for extraction of microplastics in mussels by enzyme digestion of soft tissues. Environ Toxicol Chem, 36(4), 947-951. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3608
Cole, M., Webb, H., Lindeque, P. K., Fileman, E. S., Halsband, C., & Galloway, T. S. (2014). Isolation of microplastics in biota-rich seawater samples and marine organisms. Scientific Reports, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04528
Cowger, W., Steinmetz, Z., Gray, A., Munno, K., Lynch, J., Hapich, H., Primpke, S., De Frond, H., Rochman, C., & Herodotou, O. (2021). Microplastic Spectral Classification Needs an Open Source Community: Open Specy to the Rescue! Analytical Chemistry, 93(21), 7543-7548. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00123
Cox, K. D., Covernton, G. A., Davies, H. L., Dower, J. F., Juanes, F., & Dudas, S. E. (2019). Human Consumption of Microplastics. Environ Sci Technol, 53(12), 7068-7074. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01517
Crichton, E. M., Noël, M., Gies, E. A., & Ross, P. S. (2017). A novel, density-independent and FTIR-compatible approach for the rapid extraction of microplastics from aquatic sediments. Analytical Methods, 9(9), 1419-1428. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ay02733d
de Barros, M. S. F., Dos Santos Calado, T. C., & de Sa Leitao Camara de Araujo, M. (2020). Plastic ingestion lead to reduced body condition and modified diet patterns in the rocky shore crab Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (Brachyura: Grapsidae). Mar Pollut Bull, 156, 111249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111249
Di, M., Liu, X., Wang, W., & Wang, J. (2019). Manuscript prepared for submission to environmental toxicology and pharmacology pollution in drinking water source areas: Microplastics in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, China. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 65, 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2018.12.009
Di, M., & Wang, J. (2018). Microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Sci Total Environ, 616-617, 1620-1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.150
Ding, L., Mao, R. F., Guo, X., Yang, X., Zhang, Q., & Yang, C. (2019). Microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the Wei River, in the northwest of China. Sci Total Environ, 667, 427-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.332
Donaldson, K. (2000). Inhalation of poorly soluble particles.II. Influence of particle surface area
On inflammation and clearance. Inhalation Toxicology. Dris, R., Gasperi, J., Mirande, C., Mandin, C., Guerrouache, M., Langlois, V., & Tassin, B. (2017). A first overview of textile fibers, including microplastics, in indoor and outdoor environments. Environ Pollut, 221, 453-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.013
Dris, R., Gasperi, J., Rocher, V., & Tassin, B. (2018). Synthetic and non-synthetic anthropogenic fibers in a river under the impact of Paris Megacity: Sampling methodological aspects and flux estimations. Sci Total Environ, 618, 157-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.009
Ephsy, D., & Raja, S. (2023). Characterization of microplastics and its pollution load index in freshwater Kumaraswamy Lake of Coimbatore, India. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 101, 104207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2023.104207
Faure, F., Demars, C., Wieser, O., Kunz, M., & de Alencastro, L. F. (2015). Plastic pollution in Swiss surface waters: nature and concentrations, interaction with pollutants. Environmental Chemistry, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.1071/en14218
Fendall, L. S., & Sewell, M. A. (2009). Contributing to marine pollution by washing your face: microplastics in facial cleansers. Mar Pollut Bull, 58(8), 1225-1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.04.025
Feng, S., Lu, H., Yao, T., Xue, Y., Yin, C., & Tang, M. (2021). Spatial characteristics of microplastics in the high-altitude area on the Tibetan Plateau. J Hazard Mater, 417, 126034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126034
Gall, S. C., & Thompson, R. C. (2015). The impact of debris on marine life. Mar Pollut Bull, 92(1-2), 170-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.041
Galloway, T. S. (2015). Micro- and Nano-plastics and Human Health. In Marine Anthropogenic Litter (pp. 343-366). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_13
Geyer, R. (2020). Production, use, and fate of synthetic polymers. In Plastic Waste and Recycling (pp. 13-32). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817880-5.00002-5
Grbic, J., Nguyen, B., Guo, E., You, J. B., Sinton, D., & Rochman, C. M. (2019). Magnetic Extraction of Microplastics from Environmental Samples. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 6(2), 68-72. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00671
Hakansan, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic Pollution control. A sedimentological
Approach. Water Research, pp. 975 to 1001. Han, M., Niu, X., Tang, M., Zhang, B. T., Wang, G., Yue, W., Kong, X., & Zhu, J. (2020). Distribution of microplastics in surface water of the lower Yellow River near estuary. Sci Total Environ, 707, 135601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135601
He, D., Chen, X., Zhao, W., Zhu, Z., Qi, X., Zhou, L., Chen, W., Wan, C., Li, D., Zou, X., & Wu, N. (2021). Microplastics contamination in the surface water of the Yangtze River from upstream to estuary based on different sampling methods. Environ Res, 196, 110908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110908
Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R. C., & Thiel, M. (2012). Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environ Sci Technol, 46(6), 3060-3075. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2031505
Hidalgo-Ruz, V., & Thiel, M. (2013). Distribution and abundance of small plastic debris on beaches in the SE Pacific (Chile): a study supported by a citizen science project. Mar Environ Res, 87-88, 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.02.015
Hirai, H., Takada, H., Ogata, Y., Yamashita, R., Mizukawa, K., Saha, M., Kwan, C., Moore, C., Gray, H., Laursen, D., Zettler, E. R., Farrington, J. W., Reddy, C. M., Peacock, E. E., & Ward, M. W. (2011). Organic micropollutants in marine plastics debris from the open ocean and remote and urban beaches. Mar Pollut Bull, 62(8), 1683-1692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.06.004
Hu, D., Zhang, Y., & Shen, M. (2020). Investigation on microplastic pollution of Dongting Lake and its affiliated rivers. Mar Pollut Bull, 160, 111555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111555
Imhof, H. K., Schmid, J., Niessner, R., Ivleva, N. P., & Laforsch, C. (2012). A novel, highly efficient method for the separation and quantification of plastic particles in sediments of aquatic environments. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 10(7), 524-537. https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.524
Islam, M. S., Islam, Z., Jamal, A., Momtaz, N., & Beauty, S. A. (2023). Removal efficiencies of microplastics of the three largest drinking water treatment plants in Bangladesh. Sci Total Environ, 895, 165155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165155
Iwasaki, S., Isobe, A., Kako, S., Uchida, K., & Tokai, T. (2017). Fate of microplastics and mesoplastics carried by surface currents and wind waves: A numerical model approach in the Sea of Japan. Mar Pollut Bull, 121(1-2), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.057
Jiang, C., Yin, L., Li, Z., Wen, X., Luo, X., Hu, S., Yang, H., Long, Y., Deng, B., Huang, L., & Liu, Y. (2019). Microplastic pollution in the rivers of the Tibet Plateau. Environ Pollut, 249, 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.022
Jiang, J. J., Hanun, J. N., Chen, K. Y., Hassan, F., Liu, K. T., Hung, Y. H., & Chang, T. W. (2023). Current levels and composition profiles of microplastics in irrigation water. Environ Pollut, 318, 120858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120858
Jung, J. W., Kim, S., Kim, Y. S., Jeong, S., & Lee, J. (2022). Tracing microplastics from raw water to drinking water treatment plants in Busan, South Korea. Sci Total Environ, 825, 154015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154015
Kabir, A., Sekine, M., Imai, T., Yamamoto, K., Kanno, A., & Higuchi, T. (2021). Assessing small-scale freshwater microplastics pollution, land-use, source-to-sink conduits, and pollution risks: Perspectives from Japanese rivers polluted with microplastics. Sci Total Environ, 768, 144655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144655
Kanhai, D. K., Gardfeldt, K., Lyashevska, O., Hassellov, M., Thompson, R. C., & O′Connor, I. (2018). Microplastics in sub-surface waters of the Arctic Central Basin. Mar Pollut Bull, 130, 8-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.03.011
Karami, A., Golieskardi, A., Choo, C. K., Romano, N., Ho, Y. B., & Salamatinia, B. (2017). A high-performance protocol for extraction of microplastics in fish. Sci Total Environ, 578, 485-494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.213
Karlsson, T. M., Vethaak, A. D., Almroth, B. C., Ariese, F., van Velzen, M., Hassellov, M., & Leslie, H. A. (2017). Screening for microplastics in sediment, water, marine invertebrates and fish: Method development and microplastic accumulation. Mar Pollut Bull, 122(1-2), 403-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.081
Kedzierski, M., Le Tilly, V., César, G., Sire, O., & Bruzaud, S. (2017). Efficient microplastics extraction from sand. A cost effective methodology based on sodium iodide recycling. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 115(1-2), 120-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.002
Kelkar, V. P., Rolsky, C. B., Pant, A., Green, M. D., Tongay, S., & Halden, R. U. (2019). Chemical and physical changes of microplastics during sterilization by chlorination. Water Res, 163, 114871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.114871
Kunz, A., Walther, B. A., Lowemark, L., & Lee, Y. C. (2016). Distribution and quantity of microplastic on sandy beaches along the northern coast of Taiwan. Mar Pollut Bull, 111(1-2), 126-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.022
Kuroda, M., Uchida, K., Tokai, T., Miyamoto, Y., Mukai, T., Imai, K., Shimizu, K., Yagi, M., Yamanaka, Y., & Mituhashi, T. (2020). The current state of marine debris on the seafloor in offshore area around Japan. Mar Pollut Bull, 161(Pt A), 111670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111670
Lechner, A., Keckeis, H., Lumesberger-Loisl, F., Zens, B., Krusch, R., Tritthart, M., Glas, M., & Schludermann, E. (2014). The Danube so colourful: a potpourri of plastic litter outnumbers fish larvae in Europe′s second largest river. Environ Pollut, 188(100), 177-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.02.006
Lee, J. H., Kang, J. C., & Kim, J. H. (2023). Toxic effects of microplastic (Polyethylene) on fish: Accumulation, hematological parameters and antioxidant responses in Korean Bullhead, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. Sci Total Environ, 877, 162874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162874
Lenz, R., Enders, K., Stedmon, C. A., Mackenzie, D. M. A., & Nielsen, T. G. (2015). A critical assessment of visual identification of marine microplastic using Raman spectroscopy for analysis improvement. Mar Pollut Bull, 100(1), 82-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.026
Leslie, H. A., Brandsma, S. H., van Velzen, M. J., & Vethaak, A. D. (2017). Microplastics en route: Field measurements in the Dutch river delta and Amsterdam canals, wastewater treatment plants, North Sea sediments and biota. Environ Int, 101, 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.018
Li, J., Liu, H., & Paul Chen, J. (2018). Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review on occurrence, environmental effects, and methods for microplastics detection. Water Res, 137, 362-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.056
Li, J., Qu, X., Su, L., Zhang, W., Yang, D., Kolandhasamy, P., Li, D., & Shi, H. (2016). Microplastics in mussels along the coastal waters of China. Environ Pollut, 214, 177-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.012
Lima, A. R. A., Barletta, M., & Costa, M. F. (2015). Seasonal distribution and interactions between plankton and microplastics in a tropical estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 165, 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.05.018
Lithner, D., Larsson, A., & Dave, G. (2011). Environmental and health hazard ranking and assessment of plastic polymers based on chemical composition. Sci Total Environ, 409(18), 3309-3324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.038
Liu, K., Zhang, F., Song, Z., Zong, C., Wei, N., & Li, D. (2019). A novel method enabling the accurate quantification of microplastics in the water column of deep ocean. Mar Pollut Bull, 146, 462-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.008
Liu, Y., Cao, W., Hu, Y., Zhang, J., & Shen, W. (2022). Horizontal and vertical distribution of microplastics in dam reservoir after impoundment. Sci Total Environ, 832, 154962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154962
Ma, B., Xue, W., Ding, Y., Hu, C., Liu, H., & Qu, J. (2019). Removal characteristics of microplastics by Fe-based coagulants during drinking water treatment. J Environ Sci (China), 78, 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.10.006
Makhdoumi, P., Pirsaheb, M., Amin, A. A., Kianpour, S., & Hossini, H. (2023). Microplastic pollution in table salt and sugar: Occurrence, qualification and quantification and risk assessment. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105261
Mani, T., & Burkhardt-Holm, P. (2020). Seasonal microplastics variation in nival and pluvial stretches of the Rhine River - From the Swiss catchment towards the North Sea. Sci Total Environ, 707, 135579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135579
Min, R., Ma, K., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Yang, S., Zhou, T., & Zhang, G. (2023). Distribution and risk assessment of microplastics in Liujiaxia Reservoir on the upper Yellow River. Chemosphere, 320, 138031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138031
Mohana, A. A., Farhad, S. M., Haque, N., & Pramanik, B. K. (2021). Understanding the fate of nano-plastics in wastewater treatment plants and their removal using membrane processes. Chemosphere, 284, 131430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131430
Moore, R. C., Noel, M., Etemadifar, A., Loseto, L., Posacka, A. M., Bendell, L., & Ross, P. S. (2022). Microplastics in beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) prey: An exploratory assessment of trophic transfer in the Beaufort Sea. Sci Total Environ, 806(Pt 1), 150201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150201
Moret-Ferguson, S., Law, K. L., Proskurowski, G., Murphy, E. K., Peacock, E. E., & Reddy, C. M. (2010). The size, mass, and composition of plastic debris in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Mar Pollut Bull, 60(10), 1873-1878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.020
Murphy, F., Ewins, C., Carbonnier, F., & Quinn, B. (2016). Wastewater Treatment Works (WwTW) as a Source of Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment. Environ Sci Technol, 50(11), 5800-5808. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05416
Nakat, Z., Dgheim, N., Ballout, J., & Bou-Mitri, C. (2023). Occurrence and exposure to microplastics in salt for human consumption, present on the Lebanese market. Food Control, 145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109414
Napper, I. E., Bakir, A., Rowland, S. J., & Thompson, R. C. (2015). Characterisation, quantity and sorptive properties of microplastics extracted from cosmetics. Mar Pollut Bull, 99(1-2), 178-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.029
Nuelle, M. T., Dekiff, J. H., Remy, D., & Fries, E. (2014). A new analytical approach for monitoring microplastics in marine sediments. Environ Pollut, 184, 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.027
Oßmann, B. E. (2021). Microplastics in drinking water? Present state of knowledge and open questions. Current Opinion in Food Science, 41, 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2021.02.011
Pham, C. K., Rodriguez, Y., Dauphin, A., Carrico, R., Frias, J., Vandeperre, F., Otero, V., Santos, M. R., Martins, H. R., Bolten, A. B., & Bjorndal, K. A. (2017). Plastic ingestion in oceanic-stage loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) off the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Mar Pollut Bull, 121(1-2), 222-229.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.008
Phillips, M. B., & Bonner, T. H. (2015). Occurrence and amount of microplastic ingested by fishes in watersheds of the Gulf of Mexico. Mar Pollut Bull, 100(1), 264-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.041
Pivokonsky, M., Cermakova, L., Novotna, K., Peer, P., Cajthaml, T., & Janda, V. (2018). Occurrence of microplastics in raw and treated drinking water. Sci Total Environ, 643, 1644-1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.102
Prata, J. C. (2018). Airborne microplastics: Consequences to human health? Environ Pollut, 234, 115-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.043
Prata, J. C., da Costa, J. P., Duarte, A. C., & Rocha-Santos, T. (2019). Methods for sampling and detection of microplastics in water and sediment: A critical review. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 110, 150-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.029
Prata, J. C., Reis, V., da Costa, J. P., Mouneyrac, C., Duarte, A. C., & Rocha-Santos, T. (2021). Contamination issues as a challenge in quality control and quality assurance in microplastics analytics. J Hazard Mater, 403, 123660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123660
Prata, J. C., Reis, V., Matos, J. T. V., da Costa, J. P., Duarte, A. C., & Rocha-Santos, T. (2019). A new approach for routine quantification of microplastics using Nile Red and automated software (MP-VAT). Sci Total Environ, 690, 1277-1283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.060
Pulido-Reyes, G., Magherini, L., Bianco, C., Sethi, R., von Gunten, U., Kaegi, R., & Mitrano, D. M. (2022). Nanoplastics removal during drinking water treatment: Laboratory- and pilot-scale experiments and modeling. J Hazard Mater, 436, 129011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129011
Quinn, B., Murphy, F., & Ewins, C. (2017). Validation of density separation for the rapid recovery of microplastics from sediment. Analytical Methods, 9(9), 1491-1498. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ay02542k
Radityaningrum, A. D., Trihadiningrum, Y., Mar′atusholihah, Soedjono, E. S., & Herumurti, W. (2021). Microplastic contamination in water supply and the removal efficiencies of the treatment plants: A case of Surabaya City, Indonesia. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102195
Razeghi, N., Hamidian, A. H., Wu, C., Zhang, Y., & Yang, M. (2021). Microplastic sampling techniques in freshwaters and sediments: a review. Environ Chem Lett, 19(6), 4225-4252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01227-6
Richard C. Thompson, Y. O., Richard P. Mitchell,Anthony Davis, Steven J. Rowland. . (2004). Lost at Sea: Where Is All the Plastic? Science
Rist, S., Carney Almroth, B., Hartmann, N. B., & Karlsson, T. M. (2018). A critical perspective on early communications concerning human health aspects of microplastics. Sci Total Environ, 626, 720-726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.092
Sarkar, D. J., Das Sarkar, S., Das, B. K., Praharaj, J. K., Mahajan, D. K., Purokait, B., Mohanty, T. R., Mohanty, D., Gogoi, P., Kumar, V. S., Behera, B. K., Manna, R. K., & Samanta, S. (2021). Microplastics removal efficiency of drinking water treatment plant with pulse clarifier. J Hazard Mater, 413, 125347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125347
Setala, O., Fleming-Lehtinen, V., & Lehtiniemi, M. (2014). Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web. Environ Pollut, 185, 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.013
Shiu, R. F., Gong, G. C., Fang, M. D., Chow, C. H., & Chin, W. C. (2021). Marine microplastics in the surface waters of "pristine" Kuroshio. Mar Pollut Bull, 172, 112808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112808
Silva, A. B., Bastos, A. S., Justino, C. I. L., da Costa, J. P., Duarte, A. C., & Rocha-Santos, T. A. P. (2018). Microplastics in the environment: Challenges in analytical chemistry - A review. Anal Chim Acta, 1017, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.043
Song, Y. K., Hong, S. H., Jang, M., Han, G. M., Rani, M., Lee, J., & Shim, W. J. (2015). A comparison of microscopic and spectroscopic identification methods for analysis of microplastics in environmental samples. Mar Pollut Bull, 93(1-2), 202-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.015
Stanton, T., Johnson, M., Nathanail, P., MacNaughtan, W., & Gomes, R. L. (2020). Freshwater microplastic concentrations vary through both space and time. Environ Pollut, 263(Pt B), 114481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114481
Studer, J., Dransfeld, C., Jauregui Cano, J., Keller, A., Wink, M., Masania, K., & Fiedler, B. (2019). Effect of fabric architecture, compaction and permeability on through thickness thermoplastic melt impregnation. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 122, 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.04.008
Su, L., Xue, Y., Li, L., Yang, D., Kolandhasamy, P., Li, D., & Shi, H. (2016). Microplastics in Taihu Lake, China. Environ Pollut, 216, 711-719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.036
Sulaiman, B., Woodward, J., & Shiels, H. A. (2023). Riverine microplastics and their interaction with freshwater fish. Water Biology and Security. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watbs.2023.100192
Tamminga, M. (2017). Nile Red Staining as a Subsidiary Method for Microplastic Quantifica-tion: A Comparison of Three Solvents and Factors Influencing Application Reliability. SDRP Journal of Earth Sciences & Environmental Studies, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.15436/jeses.2.2.1
Tamminga, M., & Fischer, E. K. (2020). Microplastics in a deep, dimictic lake of the North German Plain with special regard to vertical distribution patterns. Environ Pollut, 267, 115507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115507
Tien, C. J., Wang, Z. X., & Chen, C. S. (2020). Microplastics in water, sediment and fish from the Fengshan River system: Relationship to aquatic factors and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by fish. Environ Pollut, 265(Pt B), 114962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114962
Tomlinson, D. L. (1990). Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index
Torres-Ruiz, M., de Alba Gonzalez, M., Morales, M., Martin-Folgar, R., Gonzalez, M. C., Canas-Portilla, A. I., & De la Vieja, A. (2023). Neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption caused by polystyrene nanoparticles in zebrafish embryo. Sci Total Environ, 874, 162406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162406
Torres, F. G., Dioses-Salinas, D. C., Pizarro-Ortega, C. I., & De-la-Torre, G. E. (2021). Sorption of chemical contaminants on degradable and non-degradable microplastics: Recent progress and research trends. Sci Total Environ, 757, 143875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143875
Vayghan, A. H., Rasta, M., Zakeri, M., & Kelly, F. J. (2022). Spatial distribution of microplastics pollution in sediments and surface waters of the Aras River and reservoir: An international river in Northwestern Iran. Sci Total Environ, 843, 156894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156894
Vianello, A., Jensen, R. L., Liu, L., & Vollertsen, J. (2019). Simulating human exposure to indoor airborne microplastics using a Breathing Thermal Manikin. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45054-w
Vieira Dantas Filho, J., Perez Pedroti, V., Temponi Santos, B. L., de Lima Pinheiro, M. M., Bezerra de Mira, A., Carlos da Silva, F., Soares, E. S. E. C., Cavali, J., Cecilia Guedes, E. A., & de Vargas Schons, S. (2023). First evidence of microplastics in freshwater from fish farms in Rondonia state, Brazil. Heliyon, 9(4), e15066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15066
Walther, B. A., Kunz, A., & Hu, C. S. (2018). Type and quantity of coastal debris pollution in Taiwan: A 12-year nationwide assessment using citizen science data. Mar Pollut Bull, 135, 862-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.025
Wang, W., Ndungu, A. W., Li, Z., & Wang, J. (2017). Microplastics pollution in inland freshwaters of China: A case study in urban surface waters of Wuhan, China. Sci Total Environ, 575, 1369-1374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.213
Wang, W., Yuan, W., Chen, Y., & Wang, J. (2018). Microplastics in surface waters of Dongting Lake and Hong Lake, China. Sci Total Environ, 633, 539-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.211
Wang, Z., Lin, T., & Chen, W. (2020). Occurrence and removal of microplastics in an advanced drinking water treatment plant (ADWTP). Sci Total Environ, 700, 134520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134520
Watkins, L., McGrattan, S., Sullivan, P. J., & Walter, M. T. (2019). The effect of dams on river transport of microplastic pollution. Sci Total Environ, 664, 834-840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.028
Wong, G., Lowemark, L., & Kunz, A. (2020). Microplastic pollution of the Tamsui River and its tributaries in northern Taiwan: Spatial heterogeneity and correlation with precipitation. Environ Pollut, 260, 113935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113935
Wright, S. L., Thompson, R. C., & Galloway, T. S. (2013). The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review. Environ Pollut, 178, 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.031
Wu, P., Lin, S., Cao, G., Wu, J., Jin, H., Wang, C., Wong, M. H., Yang, Z., & Cai, Z. (2022). Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity of microplastics in the human body and health implications. J Hazard Mater, 437, 129361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129361
Xu, D., Gao, B., Wan, X., Peng, W., & Zhang, B. (2022). Influence of catastrophic flood on microplastics organization in surface water of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Water Res, 211, 118018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.118018
Xu, S., Ma, J., Ji, R., Pan, K., & Miao, A. J. (2020). Microplastics in aquatic environments: Occurrence, accumulation, and biological effects. Sci Total Environ, 703, 134699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134699
Yuan, W., Liu, X., Wang, W., Di, M., & Wang, J. (2019). Microplastic abundance, distribution and composition in water, sediments, and wild fish from Poyang Lake, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 170, 180-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.126
Zbyszewski, M., Corcoran, P. L., & Hockin, A. (2014). Comparison of the distribution and degradation of plastic debris along shorelines of the Great Lakes, North America. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 40(2), 288-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.02.012
Zhang, K., Xiong, X., Hu, H., Wu, C., Bi, Y., Wu, Y., Zhou, B., Lam, P. K., & Liu, J. (2017). Occurrence and Characteristics of Microplastic Pollution in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Environ Sci Technol, 51(7), 3794-3801. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00369
Zhao, S., Danley, M., Ward, J. E., Li, D., & Mincer, T. J. (2017). An approach for extraction, characterization and quantitation of microplastic in natural marine snow using Raman microscopy. Analytical Methods, 9(9), 1470-1478. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ay02302a
Zubris, K. A., & Richards, B. K. (2005). Synthetic fibers as an indicator of land application of sludge. Environ Pollut, 138(2), 201-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.013
李羿. (2023). 臺灣石門水庫及入庫河川表層水中微型塑膠時空分佈、組成與相關性調查國立中央大學]. http://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw:88/thesis/view_etd.asp?URN=110326028

指導教授

林伯勳(Po-Hsun Lin)

審核日期

2024-7-26

推文