UCA波束成形特性與Monopulse角度估計

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：15

、訪客IP：18.97.9.172

姓名

蔡宗曄(Zong-Ye Tsai) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系

論文名稱

UCA波束成形特性與Monopulse角度估計
(Beamforming Characteristics of UCA and Monopulse-Based DOA Estimation)

相關論文

★ 利用二元關聯法之簡易指紋辨識	★ 基於數位單脈衝接收機與質點演算法之無人機追蹤效能分析
★ 基於輔助波束對之UAV追蹤方法實現	★ 實時無人機追蹤系統設計與實現
★ 使用機器學習技術提升以輔助波束對方法做相位陣列天線的角度估計	★ 多無人機軌跡追蹤系統設計與實現
★ 基於改良式孿生網路與強化式學習之 PTZ 相機無人機追蹤系統設計	★ 使用MMSE等化器的Filterbank OFDM系統探討
★ Kalman Filtering應用於可適性載波同步系統之研究	★ 無線區域網路之MIMO-OFDM系統設計與電路實現
★ 包含通道追蹤之IEEE 802.11a接收機設計與電路實現	★ 時變通道下的OFDM傳輸系統設計: 基於IEEE 802.11a標準
★ MIMO-OFDM系統各天線間載波頻率偏差之探討與收發機硬體實現	★ 使用雜散式領航訊號之DVB-T系統通道估測演算法與電路實現
★ 數位地面視訊廣播系統同步模組之設計與電路實現	★ 適用於移動式正交分頻多工通訊系統的改良型時域通道響應追蹤演算法

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)

摘要(中)

近年來無人機（UnmannedAerial Vehicle, UAV）技術快速發
展，應用領域涵蓋環境監測、空拍地理資訊、多媒體製作與基礎
設施檢查等。然而，無人機的普及也帶來潛在的空域安全與隱私
風險，非法侵入禁區或受限區域的事件時有發生，因此即時且準
確的無人機方向估計技術成為重要課題。
本研究提出一套基於射頻訊號的方向估計方法，透過接收
UAV 所發射之無線訊號，利用陣列天線進行方向估計（Direction
of Arrival, DOA）。在演算法設計方面，採用計算複雜度低、估計
即時性的單脈衝演算法（Monopulse）為核心，並結合具有全向監
測能力之均勻圓形天線陣列（UniformCircularArray,UCA）進行和
波束與差波束之合成設計。UCA在幾何結構上具備方位對稱性與
360 度無遮蔽視野，相較於傳統均勻線性陣列（ULA）在覆蓋範圍
上更具優勢。
為進一步提升角度估計的穩定性與抗雜訊能力，系統中引入
無跡卡爾曼濾波器（UnscentedKalman Filter, UKF）對 Monopulse
演算法輸出的非線性量測進行濾波與平滑處理，有效降低雜訊影
響並提升追蹤精度。此外，本文亦針對UCA的波束成型特性（如
主瓣寬度、方向穩定性與對稱性）進行分析，並比較不同幾何參數
下對Monopulse 估計表現的影響。
最後，為驗證該系統於實務應用中的可行性與穩定性，本文
於軟體定義無線電（SoftwareDefinedRadio,SDR）平台上實作基於
UCA架構之方向估計系統，並與模擬結果進行比對，以驗證其在
即時UAV追蹤情境下的整體效能表現。此外，亦於模擬中與分時
L-Shaped 陣列架構進行比較，分析不同陣列配置對估計精度與角
度覆蓋範圍的影響，佐證本系統於UAV方向追蹤應用中之效能與
可擴展性。

摘要(英)

In recent years, the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has brought forth a wide range of applications, including environmental monitoring, aerial mapping, multimedia production, and in frastructure inspection. However, the increasing deployment of UAVs has also raised concerns regarding airspace safety and privacy violations.
UnauthorizedUAVintrusionsintorestrictedareaspresentpotentialthreats, making real-time and accurate direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation a critical research topic.
This study proposes a radio frequency-based direction estimation system that receives UAV-emitted signals and performs DOA estimation using an antenna array. A low-complexity and high-accuracy monopulse algorithm is adopted as the core estimator, integrated with a uniform cir
cular array (UCA) capable of forming sum and difference beams. The symmetric structure of UCA enables 360-degree omnidirectional coverage, offering greater spatial flexibility compared to traditional uniform linear arrays (ULA).
To further enhance angular estimation robustness under noisy environments, the proposed system incorporates an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) to smooth and track the nonlinear angle estimates from the
monopulse algorithm, effectively reducing noise-induced fluctuations.
Additionally, the beamforming characteristics of UCA,including main lobe width, direction stability, and symmetry,are analyzed to evaluate their impact on estimation accuracy under different geometric configurations.
Finally, to validate the practical feasibility of the system, a proto type based on Software Defined Radio (SDR) hardware is implemented
using a UCA architecture. The experimental results are compared with simulation outcomes to verify the system＇s accuracy, low latency, and scalability in real-time UAVtrackingscenarios. Furthermore, simulation based comparisons with a time-division L-shaped array are conducted to analyze differences in angular coverage and estimation precision, demonstrating the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed system in UAV direction tracking applications.

關鍵字(中)

★ 到達角
★ 單脈衝
★ 波束成型
★ 無跡卡爾曼
★ 均勻圓形陣列

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

中文摘要.................... .. .. .. .. .. ........................... i
英文摘要.................... .. .. .. .. .. ........................... iii
致謝詞....................... .. .. .. .. .. . ......................... v
目錄....................... . .. .. .. .. .. ........................... i
圖目錄....................... .. .. .. .. .. . ......................... ii
表目錄....................... .. .. .. .. .. . ......................... iv
第1章序論................. . .. .. .. .. .. ........................... 1
1.1簡介............ .. .. .. .. .. . ......................... 1
1.2章節架構....... .. .. .. .. .. ........................... 3
第2章系統架構.............. .. .. .. .. .. ........................... 4
2.1 UCASteeringVectorandSignalModel .................... 5
2.2波束成型（Beamforming）.. .......................... 6
2.3 L-shapedSteeringVectorandSignalModel ................. 8
第3章UCA特性分析.......... .. .. .. .. .. .......................... 10
3.1不同方位角與仰角下的UCA波束圖特性................ 10
3.2不同半徑的UCA波束圖... ........................... 12
3.3不同天線陣列的波束圖... .. ........................... 18
第4章DOAEstimationAlgorithm.. .. .. .. .. ........................... 21
4.1 RBMUSIC .... . .. .. .. .. .. ........................... 21
4.2 MonopulseMethod .. .. .. .. .. . ......................... 28
第5章SimulationAnalysisandPerformanceEvaluation ................... 37
5.1 TotalEstimationRMSE ... .. ........................... 38
5.2 BeamPatternandEstimationRMSEforDifferentAntennas .... 40
5.3 BeamPatternandEstimationRMSEforDifferentRadius ...... 44
5.4 AlgorithmExecutionTime ... ........................... 48
5.5 TrackingSimulation ... .. .. .. . ......................... 51
第6章UAVTrackingandSystemImplementation ........................ 64
第7章Conclusion............. .. .. .. .. .. ........................... 81
參考文獻.................... .. .. .. .. .. ........................... 83

參考文獻

[1] J. Sadovskis and A. Aboltins, “Modern methods for uav detection,classification, and tracking,” in 2022 IEEE 63th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON), 2022, pp. 1–7.
[2] M. Schurwanz, S. Oettinghaus, J. Mietzner, and P. A. Hoeher, “Using widely separated mimo antennas for uav radar direction-of arrival estimation,” in 2022 19th European Radar Conference (EuRAD), 2022, pp. 281–284.
[3] W. Nie, Z.-C. Han, M. Zhou, L.-B. Xie, and Q. Jiang, “Uav detection and identification based on wifi signal and rf fingerprint,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 13540–13550, 2021.
[4] J. Li, D. H. Ye, M. Kolsch, J. P. Wachs, and C. A. Bouman, “Fast and robust uav to uav detection and tracking from video,” IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1519–1531, 2022.
[5] A. Satish and A. Medda, “Acoustic uav detection using spherical array beamforming,” in 2022 56th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, 2022, pp. 446–450.
[6] S. Harman, “Analysis of the radar return of micro-uavs in flight,” in 2017 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf), 2017, pp. 1159–1164.
[7] R. Schmidt, “Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 276–280, 1986.
[8] R. Roy and T. Kailath, “Esprit-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 984–995, 1989.
[9] F. Gao and A. Gershman, “A generalized esprit approach to direction-of-arrival estimation,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 254–257, 2005.
[10] M. Skolnik, Radar Handbook, Third Edition, ser. Electronics electrical engineering. McGraw-Hill Education, 2008. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=76uF2Xebm-gC
[11] S. Sherman and D. Barton, Monopulse Radar Theory and Practice, Second Edition, ser. Artech House radar library. Artech House, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Il8wDwAAQBAJ
[12] U. Nickel, “Overview of generalized monopulse estimation,” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 27-56, 2006.
[13] C. An, J. Yang, R. Ran, U. Pak, Y. Ryu, and D. Kim, “Tactical uav localization using coordinated monopulse trackers with low rate feedback,” International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, vol. 10, Jul. 2013.
[14] Y. Li, J. Zhao, X. Jiang, and J. Lin, “An effective integrated communication and localization method based on digital phased array antenna,” in 2021 7th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC), 2021, pp. 2185–2189.
[15] D. E. N.Davies, “The handbook of antenna design,” A. W. R. et al., Ed. London: Peregrinus, 1983, vol. 2, ch. 12.
[16] C. P. Mathews andM.D.Zoltowski, “Eigenstructure techniques for 2-d angle estimation with uniform circular arrays,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 2395–2407, 1994.
[17] B. D. Rao and K. V. S. Hari, “Performance analysis of root-music,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 1939–1949, Dec. 1989.
[18] H. Yan and H. Fan, “A wideband kalman doa tracking algorithm,” in Fourth IEEE Workshop on Sensor Array and Multichannel Processing, 2006., 2006, pp. 45–49.
[19] H.-L. Song, Y.-c. Ko, J. Cho, and C. Hwang, “Beam tracking algorithm for uavcommunicationsusingkalmanfilter,” in 2020 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), 2020, pp. 1101–1104.
[20] H.-L. Song and Y.-C. Ko, “Robust and low complexity beam tracking with monopulse signal for uav communications,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 3505–3513, 2021.
[21] W. Montlouis, “Doav estimation using l-shaped antenna array configuration,” in 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), 2020, pp. 1–5.

指導教授

張大中

審核日期

2025-8-28

推文