預裂負荷對破壞韌性影響之數值模擬

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詹台安(Tai-An Chan) 查詢紙本館藏

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機械工程學系

論文名稱

預裂負荷對破壞韌性影響之數值模擬

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摘要(中)

本文採用ABAQUS有限元素分析軟體，預測材料在不同的預裂負荷條件下，對於破壞韌性量測值之影響。首先對於所使用的分析軟體程式作一個驗證，考量模擬時的結果精確性，及其收斂行為，並配合以發表的文獻，證明此分析程式可適用於裂縫尖端應力分析模擬。在模擬過程中，選擇中間裂縫試片作為模擬的對象，模擬分析中，改變預裂負荷的大小(M值)及預裂的次數，來探討材料的應變硬化，殘留應力及塑性域變化之情形，從所得到的對應關係中，可判斷出預裂負荷條件改變相對材料破壞韌性之影響。藉著分析軟體的資料擷取功能，可在循環預裂負荷過程中，得到每個階段的物理量數據變化，從這些物理量的比較當中，可發現材料應變硬化、殘留應力與塑性域三者的關係，及之間的物理機制變化。在本文最後的研究結果當中，得證了有限元素分析結果的精確性，可真實模擬出實際受力情形。材料的應變硬化與殘留應力皆會隨著預裂負荷M值的遞增而有增加，而材料應變硬化值會隨著預裂次數增加而減少，在材料殘留應力方面，M值較小時，其受預裂次數改變之影響相當小，在M值較大時，其受預裂次數改變之影響則較為明顯，至於塑性域，則會隨著M值的增加而擴大，並導致材料的應變硬化量增加，並且證明應變硬化與殘留應力是造成破壞韌性量測誤差之主因。

關鍵字(中)

★ 數值模擬
★ 破壞韌性

關鍵字(英)

★ numerical analysis
★ fracture toughness

論文目次

摘要 ----------------------------------------I
誌謝 ----------------------------------------II
總目錄 ----------------------------------------III
圖目錄 ----------------------------------------V
表目錄 ----------------------------------------VIII
符號說明 ----------------------------------------IX
第一章緒論-------------------------------------1
第二章文獻回顧----------------------------------4
2-1國內相關文獻----------------------------------4
2-2國外相關文獻----------------------------------4
2-2-1線彈性裂縫成長分析--------------------------4
2-2-2彈塑性裂縫成長分析--------------------------5
第三章理論說明----------------------------------7
3-1靜荷重下的材料強度理論------------------------7
3-1-1應變硬化------------------------------------7
3-1-2 Griffith的破壞模型-------------------------8
3-1-3 裂縫材料的破壞強度-------------------------10
3-2裂縫前端的應力場------------------------------12
3-2-1線性破壞力學--------------------------------12
3-2-2小規模降伏----------------------------------17
3-2-3彈塑性破壞力學與J積分-----------------------19
3-2-4疲勞裂縫進展速度----------------------------22
3-3破壞韌性--------------------------------------24
3-3-1平面應變破壞韌性KIC-------------------------24
3-3-2影響破壞韌性KIC的因素-----------------------28
3-3-3破壞韌性JIC---------------------------------29
第四章數值模擬方法------------------------------31
4-1裂縫成長的有限元素解析------------------------31
4-1-1特殊裂縫尖端元素----------------------------31
4-1-2裂縫成長模型--------------------------------35
4-1-3破壞參數之計算------------------------------36
4-2 試片規格-------------------------------------37
4-3 有限元素法模擬步驟---------------------------37
4-3-1網格建立------------------------------------38
4-3-2裂縫成長------------------------------------38
4-3-3預裂負荷模擬--------------------------------39
第五章結果與討論--------------------------------41
5-1 分析程式之驗證-------------------------------41
5-2 預裂負荷對應變硬化及殘留應力之影響-----------42
5-3預裂次數(裂縫增量)對應變硬化及殘留應力之影響--43
5-4 預裂負荷中殘留應力補償機制之驗證-------------44
5-5 預裂負荷對塑性域之影響-----------------------45
5-6 von Mises等效應力----------------------------46
5-7 預裂負荷對破壞韌性之影響---------------------47
第六章結論與未來方向----------------------------49
6-1結論------------------------------------------49
6-2未來方向--------------------------------------50
參考文獻-----------------------------------------91

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指導教授

鄭銘章(Ming-jang Jeng)

審核日期

2004-6-5

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