混凝土材料用於用過核子燃料乾式中期貯存設施之穩定性研究

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王信偉(Hsin-Wei Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

混凝土材料用於用過核子燃料乾式中期貯存設施之穩定性研究

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摘要(中)

國內現有核能電廠用過核燃料池的空間設計，並不足以完全貯放營運期間所產生的用過核燃料。台電公司規劃將用過核子燃料置放於混凝土護箱或混凝土模組中，進行約50年左右的用過核子燃料中期貯存計畫。由於中期貯存設施主體是由混凝土材料所構成，且考慮到混凝土材料需長時間承受內部用過核燃料所散發的衰變熱，及台灣地區特殊的環境氣候條件下，對混凝土材料可能受損或劣化有必要加以評估分析。
本文主要針對中期貯存設施外圍所構成之混凝土材料，模擬長期承受內部用過核子燃料持續散發之衰變熱及外在環境因子交互作用下，評估混凝土材料可能的劣化機制，試驗結果顯示(1)250 ℃受熱範圍內，仍可發揮混凝土本身的抗壓強度值，而彈性模數及劈裂強度則隨溫度愈高折損愈多，上述力學性質皆不隨受熱歷時增加而再有顯著劣化現象；(2)混凝土受熱溫度愈高收縮量愈多，但不隨歷時增加而再有明顯收縮；(3)氯離子擴散試驗結果顯示，受熱於250 ℃之混凝土，其抵抗氯離子滲透能力較差；(4)受熱過後之混凝土中性化反應並不明顯，但在常溫環境下，添加卜作嵐材料之混凝土中性化深度較深；(5)混凝土中若添加卜作嵐材料、強塑劑及V型水泥時，能增進混凝土抵抗硫酸鹽侵蝕能力；(6)經微觀分析試驗結果顯示，混凝土受模擬溫度及歷時條件下，水泥漿體之微觀結構及內部水化產物型態並無顯著改變或劣化現象；(7)綜合各試驗結果顯示，添加20 %爐石粉之混凝土，能增進混凝土抵抗高溫作用能力。

摘要(英)

The design capacity of the spent fuel pool for the first and second nuclear power plant was not enough to store spent fuel. Taipower company plans to build interim storage facilities in the next few years. The interim storage facility relies much on the concrete structure as a shielding for spent fuel casks. Due to the long term decay heat and severe environments to be encountered, high quality concrete is considered as a major safety contributor to the interim storage facility. To evaluate the degradation effects of concrete applicable to interim storage facilities for long-term safety, several scenarios were considered in this research, including decay heat, salt attack, and carbonation reaction.
Experimental results obtained from concrete with varying admixtures indicate that: (1) under elevated temperature, the compressive strength of concrete remains unchanged, and the elastic modulus and splitting strength of concrete decreases slightly; (2) the shrinkage of concrete increases with rising temperature; (3) the chloride diffusivity of concrete specimens negligible change at temperature level below 150 ℃, but increases significantly at 250 ℃; (4) carbonation reaction of heated concrete is insignificant; (5) concrete admixed with pozzolanic materials or superplasticizer exhibits improved resistance to sulfate attack; (6) microstructure observations on the morphology of hydration products indicated no noticeable changes upon heating; (7) concrete made with 20% blast furnace slag was found to perform well in terms of strength and durability aspects.

關鍵字(中)

★ 高溫
★ 中期貯存
★ 混凝土屏蔽
★ 劣化

關鍵字(英)

★ interim storage facility
★ concrete shielding
★ spent fuel
★ degradation

論文目次

目錄………………………………………………….………………………………Ⅰ
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………….Ⅳ
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………….Ⅷ
第一章緒論………………………………………………………………………1
1.1研究動機…………………………………………………………………....1
1.2研究目的……………………………………………………………………...2
1.3研究內容……………………………………………………………………...3
第二章文獻回顧……………………………………………………………………..4
2.1用過核燃料中期貯存設施計劃………………………………………………..4
2.1.1用過核燃料中期貯存設施計劃之必要性………………………………...5
2.1.2用過核燃料中期貯存設施型式分類……………………………………...5
2.1.3用過核燃料中期貯存設施的安全分析………………………………….12
2.2水泥漿體之微觀結構及熱學性質……………………………………………14
2.2.1水泥之成分及性質……………………………………………………….14
2.2.2水泥漿體之微觀結構…………………………………………………….15
2.2.3水泥漿體及砂漿之熱學性質…………………………………………….18
2.3骨材之熱學性質………………………………………………………………21
2.3.1骨材在高溫下之體積變化……………………………………………….21
2.3.2骨材熱學性質對混凝土之影響……………………………………….…22
2.4摻料之成份與性質……………………………………………………………24
2.4.1矽灰之成份與一般性質………………………………………………….24
2.4.2爐石之成份及一般性質……………………………………………….…25
2.4.3強塑劑…………………………………………………………………….26
2.5水泥混凝土之熱性質…………………………………………………………27
2.5.1混凝土之熱傳遞………………………………………………………….28
2.5.2混凝土之比熱…………………………………………………………….29
2.5.3混凝土之熱膨脹………………………………………………………….29
2.6混凝土在高溫環境下之力學性質…………………………………………....30
2.6.1溫度與混凝土抗壓強度………………………………………………….31
2.6.2溫度與混凝土彈性模數………………………………………………….33
2.6.3溫度與混凝土劈裂強度………………………………………………….34
第三章實驗計畫……………………………………………………………………35
3.1實驗材料……………………………………………………………………....35
3.2實驗設備及儀器……………………………………………………………....39
3.2.1實驗試體準備…………………………………………………………….40
3.2.2力學量測試驗…………………………………………………………….40
3.2.3環境因子模擬…………………………………………………………….42
3.2.4微觀分析儀器…………………………………………………………….44
3.3實驗流程及方法………………………………………………………………46
3.3.1實驗流程………………………………………………………………….46
3.3.2 實驗變因及配比………………………………………………………....49
3.3.3實驗方法………………………………………………………………….52
第四章結果與討論…………………………………………………………………58
4.1抗壓強度………………………………………………………………………58
4.1.1不同配比混凝土之抗壓強度發展……………………………………….58
4.1.2模擬溫度與歷時時間對混凝土抗壓強度之影響……………………….60
4.1.3不同配比混凝土在相同受熱條件下之抗壓強度關係……………….…65
4.2彈性模數………………………………………………………………………68
4.2.1模擬溫度與歷時時間對混凝土彈性模數之影響……………………….68
4.2.2不同配比混凝土在相同受熱條件下之彈性模數……………………….73
4.2.3混凝土模擬溫度及歷時時間後的彈性模數與抗壓強度之關係……….77
4.3劈裂強度………………………………………………………………………79
4.3.1模擬溫度與歷時時間對混凝土劈裂強度之影響……………………….79
4.3.2不同配比混凝土在相同受熱條件下之劈裂強度…………………….…83
4.3.3混凝土模擬溫度及歷時時間後的劈裂強度與抗壓強度之關係…….…87
4.4體積變化……………………………………………………………………....90
4.4.1模擬溫度與歷時時間對混凝土體積變化之影響……………………….90
4.4.2不同配比混凝土在相同受熱條件下之體積變化……………………….92
4.5耐久性試驗……………………………………………………………………95
4.5.1氯離子擴散試驗………………………………………………………….95
4.5.2硫酸鹽侵蝕試驗………………………………………………………...100
4.5.3中性化量測……………………………………………………………...102
4.6微觀分析……………………………………………………………………..107
4.6.1 X光繞射分析(XRD)…………………………………………………....107
4.6.2熱重分析(TGA)………………………………………………………….111
4.6.3電子顯微鏡觀測(SEM)……………………………………………….…114
4.7混凝土配比篩選評估………………………………………………………..124
第五章結論與建議………………………………………………………………..129
5.1 結論………………………………………………………………………….129
5.2 建議………………………………………………………………………….131
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………....133

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指導教授

黃偉慶(Wei-Hsing Huang)

審核日期

2004-7-9

推文