使用自由軟體建構虛擬實境叢集系統

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白宗原(Tsung-Yuan Pai) 查詢紙本館藏

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資訊工程學系在職專班

論文名稱

使用自由軟體建構虛擬實境叢集系統
(Construction of Virtual Reality Cluster using Open Source software)

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摘要(中)

本文探討開放原始碼 (open source) 平台的虛擬實境 (virtual reality) 叢集系統架構，並加以實作。此架構著眼於即時處理、具可攜性、與硬體週邊的獨立性，具有成本低廉，高效率等優點，可運用在小型桌上型VR軟體、立體投影展示環境、或是多螢幕環景融入式 (CAVE immersive) 應用環境，甚至大型的模擬器。
本文所探討實作的架構中，採用了許多開放原始碼社群的研究成果。其中核心部分有二，第一個為作為VR系統開發工具的“VR Juggler”，另一個則是名為“Open Scene Graph” 的3D即時成像繪圖引擎 (Render Engine)。
VR Juggler為Iowa State University 所研發的開放原始碼虛擬實境應用程式開發架構 (development framework)，目的在於提供VR應用程式開發者一組應用程式介面 (API)，作為VR程式與各式各樣VR週邊的中間層。透過不同的組態設定檔，同一個VR應用程式可不經修改的在不同規模的VR硬體平台上執行。
Open Scene Graph 為一組以C++寫成之3D繪圖程式庫，專注於處理高階即時繪圖應用，如模擬機、3D即時遊戲、虛擬實境與科學視效處理等領域，其性質與功能類似於SGI的Performer軟體，自1999年公開以來，因為完成度高，性能優異，越來越受到3D繪圖界重視，亦有不少商業虛擬實境軟體採用其作為3D繪圖引擎。
我們將採用上述兩種開放原始碼之程式開發工具，實作一個可載入3D資料檔案進行導覽之VR叢集系統。

摘要(英)

This paper discusses the construction of a virtual-reality cluster using open source software, and the implementation of a 3D navigation VR system. The system focuses on real time, portability, and hardware independence; moreover, the whole system uses free open source software. This VR cluster system can be used on desktop virtual reality system, stereo projection, or CAVE-like immersive environment.
There are two open source projects were used in our implementation, one is “VR Juggler”, which was used as our VR-based system and development toolkit, and the other is a 3D render engine “Open Scene Graph”.
The VR Juggler was developed by Dr. Carolina and his team at Iowa State University. The goal of VR Juggler is providing the tools necessary for VR application development; the VR Juggler is a flexible configuration system, and allows applications to execute from simple desktop PCs system to complex multi-screen clusters.
The OpenSceneGraph is a open source and cross platform graphics toolkit for high performance graphics application, such as simulators, game, virtual reality and scientific visualization. It was written in standard C++ and OpenGL; it works like the SGI’s high level 3D API “Performer”. The OpenSceneGraph is a mature product and has excellent performance.
We will use both these two open source development toolkits to implement a 3D navigation application system running in a Linux pc cluster.

關鍵字(中)

★ 叢集系統
★ 開放原始碼
★ 自由軟體
★ 虛擬實境

關鍵字(英)

★ open souce
★ cluster
★ virtual reality
★ linux
★ open scene graph
★ vr juggler

論文目次

目錄
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
附圖目錄 viii
第一章緒論 1
1.1 動機 1
1.2 目標 2
1.3 系統概觀 2
1.4 論文架構 4
第二章虛擬實境平台 5
2.1 硬體設備 5
2.1.1 電腦架構 5
2.1.2 3D圖形顯示卡 7
2.2 虛擬實境顯示系統 9
2.2.1 立體成像原理 10
2.2.2 Active Stereo主動式立體顯像 10
2.2.3 Passive Stereo被動式立體顯像 14
第三章虛擬實境開發工具 15
3.1 開放原始碼的VR 叢集系統發展工具 15
3.1.1 VR Juggler 15
3.1.2 SoftGenLock 17
3.1.3 Chromium (WireGL) 18
3.1.4 Net Juggler 18
3.1.5 Cluster Juggler 19
3.1.6 Syzygy 19
3.2 Scene Graph 20
3.3 3D繪圖引擎 23
3.3.1 OpenGL 23
3.3.2 GLX 24
3.3.3 Performer 24
3.3.4 PLIB 25
3.3.5 OpenSG 25
3.3.6 OpenSceneGraph 26
第四章建構Linux VR Cluster 28
4.1 Linux Cluster 28
4.1.1 Linux作業系統 28
4.1.2 Linux distribution 28
4.1.3 PC Cluster個人電腦叢集系統 29
4.1.4 實驗使用硬體設備 30
4.1.5 作業系統安裝- Fedora Core 30
4.1.6 NFS檔案系統 31
4.1.7 3D圖形加速卡驅動程式 31
4.2 VR叢集系統的資料傳遞與同步 32
4.3 VR 叢集系統的通訊架構 34
4.3.1 Client/Server架構 34
4.3.2 Master/Server架構 34
4.4 VR Juggler編譯與安裝 35
4.5 VR Juggler組態設定檔 37
4.6 在VR Juggler上開發應用程式 37
4.7 矩陣運算程式庫- GMTL 41
4.8 VR Juggler的輸入設備處理 43
4.9 VR Juggler應用程式基本架構 44
4.10 VR Juggler程式中使用OpenSceneGraph繪圖引擎 45
第五章 3D模型導覽程式在Linux VR Cluster上的執行實驗與討論 47
5.1 實驗平台 47
5.2 虛擬實境導覽程式實作 48
5.3 執行環境與叢集組態檔設定 52
5.4 程式執行結果與比較 53
5.5 討論 61
第六章結論 62
參考文獻 63

參考文獻

參考文獻
[1] Allard, J., L. Lecointre, V. Gouranton, E. Melin, B. Raffin, “Net Juggler: Running VR Juggler with Multiple displays on a commodity component cluster”, in proc. of IEEE Conf. on Virtual Reality 2002, Orlando.
[2] Bierbaum, A. VR Juggler: A Virtual Platform for Virtual Reality Application Development, Master thesis, Computer Eng. Dept. , Iowa State University, 2000.
[3] Burns, D. and R. Osfield, Open Scene Graph, open source, cross platform graphics toolkit for the development of high peformance graphics applications, http://www.openscenegraph.org.
[4] CAVELib, Vrco Inc., http://www.vrco.com/CAVELib/OverviewCAVELib.html
[5] Humphreys, G. and P. Hanrahan. “A distributed graphics system for large tiled displays”, in proc. of IEEE Visualization ’99, October 1999, pages 215-224.
[6] Humphreys, G., M. Eldridge, and P. Hanrahan. “WireGL: A Scalable Graphics System for Cluster.” In proc. of SIGGRAPH 2001, pages 129-140.
[7] Hump hreys, G., M. Houston, R. Ng, R. Frank, S, Ahern, “Chromium: A Stream-Processing Frame-work for Interactive Rendering on Clusters.” In proc. of SIGGRAPH 2002, pp. 693-702.
[8] Kalawsky, R., The Science of Virtual Reality and Virtual Environments, Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., 1993. Ch.2.
[9] Kris, B., C. Cruz-Neira, Multiple viewers in projection-based multi-screen immersive environments, Iowa State University, 2001.
[10] Madougou, S. and J. Vairon, “Fast deployment of a commodity VR cluster”, Workshop on Commodity Clusters for Virtual Reality, in proc. of IEEE Conf. on Virtual Reality, Los Angeles, March 2003.
[11] MPI, The Message Passing Interface Standard, http://www.mcs.anl.gov/mpi.
[12] Net Juggler, Scalable High Performance Virtual Reality Project, Laboratoire d’Informatique d’Orleans, Universite d’Orleans, http://netjuggler, sourceforge.net/NetJuggler.php.
[13] Olson, E. C., Cluster Juggler – PC Cluster Virtual Reality, Master thesis, Computer Eng. Dept., Iowa State University, 2002.
[14] OpenGL, http://www.opengl.org
[15] OpenFlight, MultiGen-Paradigm, Inc. http://www.multigen-paradigm.com
[16] PVM: Parallel Virtual Machine, http://www.epm.ornl.gov/pvm.
[17] RTLinux, Real Time Linux, http://www.fsmlabs.com
[18] Schaeffer, B., A software system for inexpensive VR via graphics clusters,http://www.isl.uiuc.edu/ClusteredVR/paper/dgdpaper.pdf. 2000.
[19] SoftGenLock, Scalable High Performance Virtual Reality Project, http://netjuggler.sourceforge.net/SoftGenLock.php.
[20] Syzygy, ISL, UIUC, http://www.isl.uiuc.edu/syzygy.htm
[21] Top500 Supercomputer Sites, http://www.top500.org.
[22] VRT, Superscape Inc., http://www.superscape.com
[23] VR Juggler, VRAC Iowa State University, http://www.vrjuggler.org
[24] William R. S., A. Craig, Understanding Virtual Reality: Interface, Application, and Design, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2003. Ch.2.
[25] WTK, WorldToolKit, Sense8 corp., http://www.sense8.com
[26] 3D LCD display technology, http://www.sharp3d.com/technology/howsharp3dworks/

指導教授

曾定章(Din-Chang Tseng)

審核日期

2006-7-17

推文