鋪面平坦度高程檢測及規範探討之研究

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姓名

梁順榮(Shun-rong Liang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

鋪面平坦度高程檢測及規範探討之研究
(Standard practice for certification of inertial profiler and profile measuring devices)

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摘要(中)

國內目前重大公路建設已趨飽和，工程型態已由新建工程逐漸轉變成養護工程為主之建設。在汽機車日益成長之現況下，如何有效快速地收集路面資訊及避免檢測時封閉道路造成之交通阻塞已成為一大課題，國外針對此課題已研發出自動化鋪面檢測設備。目前國內已引進國際糙度指標(International Roughness Index)。
糙度（roughness），亦稱為平坦度，為道路表面輪跡縱向剖面起伏的變動量，影響路面行駛品質甚大。平坦之路面行駛舒適快速，可提高道路服務品質；反之，高低起伏嚴重之路面使車輛產生不斷的震動，用路人也會因此感到相當不適。在檢測儀器方面，本研究改善前一代自行研發智慧型鋪面檢測車，添購新型設備及軟體以改善前一代儀器所遭遇問題，更針對本系統進行一連串的驗證程序，上述程序皆參考國外相關規範加以驗證，藉由驗證程序的進行，除了可增加本檢測系統之可信度，亦可改善平坦度檢測儀器績效不彰之問題。另外，目前以自行研發檢測車中，皆尚未通過中華民國實驗室認證體系（TAF）認可，雖有進行相關驗證程序，但尚屬研究開發階段，因此本研究希望藉由多項驗證程序，搭配國外相關規範，初步研擬TAF認證程序相關文件及操作手冊等，冀望可使本自行研發檢測車通過認證許可。

摘要(英)

Pavement roughness reacts on profile which clearly describes the roughness; the pavement roughness is one of the important indicators for the passengers in public, for this reason, we suggestion the transportation institute of the government to pay attention to the pavement roughness. The IRI (International Roughness Index, IRI) is the most broadly used index. However, no matter what index is calculated from a longitudinal profile, the quality of the information is only as good as the profile measurement.
Monitoring pavement roughness with profile measurements involves several interdependent variables that fall into five categories: the equipment design, the pavement shape, the measurement environment, the manner in which the equipment is operated, and the driver and operator proficiency. Current standards appear to address the equipment design, but not the other variables. As a result, these standards need to be reconsidered.
Comparing to the other country, the correlative certification organizations in land establish the standards and a set of verification process, not yet. This article definitely considers some important standers, for instance AASHTO (Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, AASHTO) and ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials Standards, ASTM). This study proposal builds a procedure for profiler.

關鍵字(中)

★ 國際糙度指標IRI

關鍵字(英)

★ International Roughness Index

論文目次

第一章緒論............................................................................................................1
1.1 研究緣起.........................................................................................................1
1.2 研究目的.........................................................................................................2
1.3 研究方法.........................................................................................................2
1.4 研究流程.........................................................................................................4
第二章文獻回顧....................................................................................................5
2.1平坦度意義與定義..........................................................................................5
2.2國際糙度指標..................................................................................................6
2.2.1 IRI指標概述........................................................................................6
2.2.2 IRI指標特性........................................................................................8
2.2.3 IRI指標定義......................................................................................10
2.2.4 IRI指標優點......................................................................................12
2.3 平坦度量測系統...........................................................................................15
2.4 智慧型鋪面檢測車構件...............................................................................20
2.4.1 高程量測設備....................................................................................21
2.4.2 加速度規............................................................................................25
2.4.3 距離量測設備....................................................................................26
第三章訊號處理..................................................................................................28
3.1 取樣原理.......................................................................................................28
3.1.1 取樣頻率............................................................................................28
3.1.2 抗混疊濾波器....................................................................................32
3.2 訊號處理應用於鋪面檢測行為...................................................................33
3.2.1 鋪面訊號分析過程............................................................................33
3.2.2 IRI應用於鋪面狀況分析..................................................................35
3.3 由訊號處理探討檢測誤差因子...................................................................37
3.3.1 設備影響............................................................................................38
3.3.2 鋪面狀況............................................................................................40
3.3.3 鋪面環境............................................................................................42
3.3.4 人為因素............................................................................................45
3.4 檢測之限制條件...........................................................................................49
第四章智慧型鋪面檢測車驗證流程..................................................................50
4.1 國內外相關規範...........................................................................................50
4.2 檢測車驗證流程...........................................................................................53
4.2.1 認證機構介紹....................................................................................53
4.2.2 認證程序介紹....................................................................................56
4.3 檢測結果比較...............................................................................................60
4.3.1 設備精準度校驗................................................................................60
4.3.2 綜合成果校驗....................................................................................65
4.4 結果討論.......................................................................................................70
4.5 認證機構探討...............................................................................................71
4.5.1 認證機構概述..................................................................................71
4.5.2 認證機構之需求................................................................................72
第五章結論與建議..............................................................................................75
5.1 結論...............................................................................................................75
5.2 建議...............................................................................................................76
參考文獻......................................................................................................................77
附錄A ASTM E950.....................................................................................................80
附錄B AASHTO PP49...............................................................................................89

參考文獻

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M.S.Janoff, J.B.Nick, andP.s.Davit Ketron, “Pavement Roughness and Rideability.”, NCHRP Report275, TRB, 1985.
2.
“Public Roads.”, FHWA, U.S. Department of Transportation, Sep.-Oct., 2002.
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林元生，「智慧型鋪面檢測車應用於鋪面平坦度之研究」，國立中央大學土木工程研究所碩士論文，民國93年6月。
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吳宜叡，「智慧型鋪面檢測車認證及鋪面平坦度之研究」，國立中央大學土木工程研究所碩士論文，民國94年6月。
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陳建達，「智慧型鋪面檢測車系統改良與整合」，國立中央大學土木工程研究所碩士論文，民國95年6月。
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Gillespie, T.D., Sayers, M.W., and L. Segel “Calibration of Response-Type Road Roughness Measuring Systems ”National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 228, 1980。
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Sayers, M.W. and S. M. Karamihas “The Little Book of Profiling”University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 1997。
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Sayers, M.W., Gillespie, T.D., and C.A.V. Queiroz “The International Road Roughness Experiment” World Bank
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Sayers, M.W., Gillespie, T.D., and C.A.V. Queiroz “The International Road Roughness Experiment: A Basis for Establishing a Standard Scale for Road Roughness Measurements”Transportation Research Record 1084, (1986)。
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“Standard Practice for Computing International Roughness Index of Roads from Longitudinal Profile Measurements” ASTM E-1926,1998。
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“Standard Practices for Simulating Vehicular Response to
77
Longitudinal Profiles of Traveled Surfaces”ASTM E-1170,2001。
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“Standard Practices for Simulating Vehicular Response to Longitudinal Profiles of Traveled Surfaces”ASTM E-950,2001。
13.
“Standard Equipment Specification for Inertial Profiler”AASHTO MP 11-03,2005。
14.
“Standard Equipment Specification for Determination of International Roughness Index (IRI) to Quantify Roughness of Pavements”AASHTO PP 37,2004。
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“Standard Equipment Specification for Quantifying Roughness of Pavements”AASHTO PP 37M-99,2005。
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“Standard Equipment Specification for Certification of Inertial Profiling Systems”AASHTO PP 49-03,2005。
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“Standard Equipment Specification for Operating Inertial Profilers and Evaluating Pavement Profiles”AASHTO PP 50-03,2005。
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“Standard Equipment Specification for Pavement Ride Quality When Measured Using Inertial Profiling Systems”AASHTO PP 50-03,2005
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「慣性剖面移量測鋪面縱向剖面試驗法」，經濟部標準檢驗局，民國95年12月。
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Technical Paper Number 45, 1986。
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Sayers, M.W., Gillespie, T.D., and W.D.O. Paterson “Guidelines for Conducting and Calibrating Road Roughness Measurements”World Bank Technical Paper Number 46, 1986。
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M.Y.Shahin “Pavement Management For Airports,Roads,and Parking Lots”。
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Federal Highway Administration Road Profiler Operation Manual, International Cybernetics Corporation, 2002,
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http://www.umtri.umich.edu/erd/roughness/ , Road Roughness Home 78
Page.
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R. W. Perera .,S. D. Kohn,“Issues in Pavement Smoothness: A Summary Report” NCHRP Web Document 42。
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http://www.cnla.org.tw/thome/html/taf_all.asp ,中華民國實驗室認證體系

指導教授

林志棟(Jyh-Dong Lin)

審核日期

2007-7-23

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