應用於視覺輔具的電刺激器與阻抗量測電路之分析與設計

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姓名

呂俊葦(Jiun-Wei Lu) 查詢紙本館藏

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電機工程學系

論文名稱

應用於視覺輔具的電刺激器與阻抗量測電路之分析與設計
(Analysis and Design of Electrical Stimulator and Impedance Measurement Circuitry for Visual Prostheses)

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摘要(中)

世界上有百萬以上的人，因為色素性視網膜炎以及老年性黃斑部退化疾病而導致失明。這兩種疾病導致感光細胞發生不可逆的退化，使得視覺傳輸路徑的第一站無法正常地連結。根據研究發現，患者可以藉由視網膜或視覺皮質區上的電刺激，成功地形成視覺感知。這種產生電刺激的人工裝置稱作視覺輔具，通常是長期的植入在眼睛或是大腦上，取代受損的組織，提供患者日常生活需要的視覺功能。目前使用視覺輔具來重建盲人的視覺，對於神經復健工程是相當重要的研究。
本論文的研究，著重於植入式刺激器以及量測系統的考量與設計。為了刺激盲人剩餘的神經細胞，設計六位元的類比數位轉換器，以調整輸出電流的波形，使得患者可以得到基本的景像辨別能力。此外，文中提出新型的量測電路，觀察植入之後電極組織介面的狀況，這將有利於評估刺激成效以及刺激參數的調整。

摘要(英)

More than millions of people worldwide are suffering from blindness as a result of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degradation (AMD). Both of them result in irreversible photoreceptor degeneration, disconnecting the first station of vision from normal pathway. So far, it has been demonstrated that applying electrical stimulation pulse to diseased retina (or directly stimulating the primary visual cortex) can lead to a successful elicitation in visual perception. Such a stimulation pulse can be generated by a man-made device called visual prosthesis. In general, the device is chronically implanted inside the eye or brain to serve as a substitute for the impaired tissue, such that the sufferer can perform several visual tasks in daily life. Restoring sight of vision for blind with visual prosthesis has been of considerable importance in today’s neural rehabilitation engineering.
Motivated by this, we present in this thesis the considerations and design of implantable stimulator and impedance measurement system. In order to activate the targeted residual neural cells of the blind, a 6-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) has been designed. It can be in charge of outputting a stimulus waveform, thereby providing the patient basic discrimination regarding the scene. In addition, a new architecture of impedance measurement system is proposed to diagnosis the status of electrode-tissue interface after implantation. It is also useful for evaluating the effect on stimulation and adjustment of stimulus parameters.

關鍵字(中)

★ 阻抗量測
★ 電刺激器
★ 電位轉移器
★ 視覺輔具

關鍵字(英)

★ impedance measurement
★ electrical stimulator
★ level shifter
★ visual prothesis

論文目次

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
第一章緒論 1
1-1 動機與背景 1
1-2 研究目的 2
1-3 內容大綱 3
第二章使用視覺輔具重建人類視覺 4
2-1 視覺的形成 4
2-2 使用電刺激產生視覺 6
2-3 視力 6
2-4 電刺激之部位 8
2-5 電刺激的模式 10
2-6 電刺激參數 12
第三章視覺輔具之系統 14
3-1 視覺輔具系統 14
3-1-1 無線視覺輔具系統 15
3-2 系統電壓規劃 16
3-2-1 電位轉移器 17
3-2-2 電晶體的崩潰 17
3-2-3 形式一的電位轉移器 18
3-2-4 形式二的電位轉移器 20
3-2-5 使用Triple well製程 24
3-3 偏壓電路設計 26
第四章刺激器之設計 28
4-1 電流鏡的評估 28
4-1-1 基本電流鏡 28
4-1-2 電流鏡比較 30
4-2 數位類比轉換器 33
4-2-1 二位元權重之數位類比轉換器 33
4-2-2 使用多偏壓產生器之數位類比轉換器 34
4-2-3 溫度計碼 38
4-3 殘餘電荷的消除 40
4-4 刺激器電路設計 41
4-4-1 刺激器電路模擬結果 43
第五章阻抗量測系統設計 47
5-1 阻抗量測應用於植入式系統 47
5-2 儀表放大器 48
5-2-1 傳統的儀表放大器 48
5-2-2 電流模式的儀表放大器 50
5-3 基本類比數位轉換器的介紹 52
5-4 提出的量測系統 55
5-4-1 電壓脈波轉換器 56
5-4-2 時間數位轉換器 60
5-4-3 電路整體考量 64
5-5 電路模擬結果 68
5-5-1 儀表放大器的模擬結果 68
5-5-2 輸入電壓轉換成脈波寬度的模擬結果 69
5-5-3 時間數位轉換器的模擬結果 71
5-5-4 規格列表 73
第六章結論與未來展望 74
6-1 結論 74
6-2 未來展望 74
參考文獻 76

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指導教授

薛木添(Muh-Tian Shiue)

審核日期

2008-7-22

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