線性多偏極掃瞄式合成孔徑雷達影像模擬

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姓名

邱哲彥(Je-yan Chiou) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

太空科學研究所

論文名稱

線性多偏極掃瞄式合成孔徑雷達影像模擬
(Linear Multi Polarimetric Stripmap Mode Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Simulation)

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摘要(中)

合成孔徑雷達系統模擬有助於系統參數的設計，此外模擬影像還
有許多其他的應用層面。根據所得到的地面資料，從其中萃取出需要
的資訊，例如局部入射角、地面覆蓋物等，可以模擬出預設系統的雷
達影像。
本研究主要目的在於模擬側視掃描式合成孔徑雷達影像，針對裸
露之粗糙表面作模擬。使用碎形理論來成長出所需要的表面，根據不
同的碎形維度可描述不同粗糙度的表面。粗糙表面以小散射面做片段
線性近似，估計出各散射面的背向散射係數後，根據雷達回波方程式
來成像，此時所得到的影像稱之為原始資料。將原始資料經過匹配濾
波處理後，即可得到單觀點的斜距雷達影像。
考慮到影響成像的因素，本研究改變了地表粗糙度、觀測角、以
及地表覆蓋物之相對介電係數，在上述不同的情況下分別模擬出雷達
影像，以比較其不同，最後再將一強散射點放入觀測區域中，觀察其
成像，以驗證模擬影像的正確性。

摘要(英)

It contributes to the design of the radar systematic parameters to form the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) simulated image. It is helpful to mission design of a radar system if we establish the image simulation system. Different from faster practice: let the backscattering coefficient of each pixel be the performance of SAR image, this research formation the SAR image in the view point of radar echo signal processing, in order to try to get more correct result.
The purpose of this research is to simulate the HH and VV polarimetric stripmap mode SAR image of a randomly rough surface. The main concept is that according to the information of target area, estimates the backscattering coefficient under different polarization and only concerned surface backscattering. Then combining the backscattering information with radar echo equation the raw data formed. After that, processing raw data by match filtering, we can get a single look slant range SAR image. In this research, the randomly rough surface is constructed by the fractal theory and approached by facet model. Considering the factor influencing formation of image, this research has changed the surface roughness, looking angle, and the relative permittivity of land cover. The radar image happens to differentiate simulation in above-mentioned different cases, in order to compare the differently. At last, verified the exactness of the simulation image by putting a strong scatter into target scene and observing the formation of SAR image.
According to the result of simulation, the simulated images have the same geometry structure with the target scene, and the VV polarized image is brighter than the HH one, it is identical with the scattering theory. Besides, it is a satisfactory achievement that the strong backscatter which is put into target scene can be formed correctly in the image.

關鍵字(中)

★ 合成孔徑雷達
★ 多偏極
★ 碎形

關鍵字(英)

★ Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)
★ fractal
★ multi polarimetric

論文目次

中文摘要..................................................................................................Ⅰ
英文摘要..................................................................................................Ⅱ
目錄..........................................................................................................Ⅳ
圖目錄......................................................................................................Ⅷ
表目錄..................................................................................................ⅩⅡ
第一章緒論..............................................................................................1
1.1 研究動機..................................................................................1
1.2 文獻回顧及研究方法概述......................................................1
1.3 論文的整體架構......................................................................4
第二章碎形理論與碎形表面..................................................................5
2.1 碎形定義.................................................................................5
2.2 利用碎形理論模擬粗糙表面.................................................9
2.2.1 布朗寧函數....................................................................9
2.2.2 碎形表面的產生..........................................................11
2.3 確定碎行為度的基本方法...................................................15
第三章合成孔徑雷達............................................................................17
3.1 雷達系統...............................................................................17
3.2 合成孔徑雷達基本原理.......................................................18
3.2.1 合成孔徑雷達的演進..................................................18
3.2.2 合成孔徑雷達的基本觀念..........................................19
3.2.3 合成孔徑雷達的取像方法..........................................21
3.3 合成孔徑雷達的特性...........................................................23
3.3.1 極化模式......................................................................23
3.3.2 局部入射角..................................................................24
3.3.3 觀測幾何的影響..........................................................25
3.4 合成孔徑雷達信號...............................................................27
3.4.1 鳥鳴信號......................................................................27
3.4.2 合成孔徑雷達的發射信號..........................................29
3.4.3 線性頻率調便脈波信號的壓縮..................................31
第四章合成孔徑雷達的成像原理........................................................33
4.1 合成孔徑雷達遙測系統的幾何關係...................................33
4.2 合成孔徑雷達的回波信號...................................................33
4.2.1 斜距方向回波信號......................................................34
4.2.2 軌道方向回波信號......................................................35
4.2.3 考慮天線的圖騰..........................................................36
4.2.4 二維回波信號..............................................................37
4.2.5 以點目標物成像為例..................................................38
4.3 回波信號的處理...................................................................39
4.3.1 處理流程........................................................................40
4.3.2 數學表示法以及範例....................................................42
4.4 背向散射係數.........................................................................46
4.4.1 物理定義......................................................................46
4.4.2 電波散射模型..............................................................47
第五章合成孔徑雷達模擬影像............................................................51
5.1 模擬參數介紹.......................................................................51
5.2 二維碎形表面的產生...........................................................53
5.3 影像模擬細部流程...............................................................58
5.3.1 測試例介紹..................................................................58
5.3.2 局部入射角..................................................................58
5.3.3 陰影區的估計..............................................................60
5.4 影像模擬結果.......................................................................61
5.5 討論與驗證...........................................................................81
第六章結論與展望..............................................................................85
6.1 結論.......................................................................................85
6.2 展望.......................................................................................86
參考文獻..................................................................................................88

參考文獻

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指導教授

陳錕山(Kun-shan Chen)

審核日期

2007-7-19

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