時窗限制虛擬場站接駁補貨車輛途程問題之研究

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姓名

許家筠(Chia-yuan Hsu) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

時窗限制虛擬場站接駁補貨車輛途程問題之研究
(Linehaul-Feeder Vehicle Routing Problem with Virtual Depots and Time Windows)

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摘要(中)

台灣都市地區部分巷道狹窄，致使大型貨車進出、臨時停車皆不容易；為因應此問題，已有部分物流業者利用載貨量大但機動性較低之大車(如貨車)搭配機動性高但載貨量較小之小車(如機車)進行接駁補貨的配送服務，針對配送方式，本研究提出「時窗限制之虛擬場站接駁補貨車輛途程問題」(linehaul-feeder vehicle routing problem with virtual depots and time windows, LFVRP-VD-TW)，即大車、小車須在客戶預期收取貨物的時段內各自完成每一客戶的貨物配送，當小車送貨完畢時，除了返回實際場站(physical depot, PD)補貨亦可選擇直接前往大車所在之虛擬場站(virtual depot)進行補貨，補貨完畢小車即可再進行配送服務，節省小車往返場站之次數、距離與時間。
本研究根據其問題特性建構數學模型，並發展出一套建構初始途程模組與途程改善模組之兩階段啟發式演算法，其中，途程改善模組以禁制搜尋法為主軸，並結合路線間節點1-1交換法。根據LFVRP-VD(何宗育，2007)研究，從The VRP Web題庫裡所挑選出的17題範例，作為本研究的範例基礎，並針對本研究之問題特性設計為LFVRP-VD-TW之測試例題並作測試結果分析。測試結果可知，17題範例的平均目標函數值為2673.15，平均運算時間54.61秒，改善率達10.59%。

摘要(英)

Due to the scarcity of land resources for the access limitations of local streets for accommodating large vehicles in urban areas, some home delivery companies have invented a new type of vehicle routing and operations which involves two types of vehicles. This problem can be regarded as an extension of the vehicle routing problem and is named as the linehaul-feeder vehicle routing problem with virtual depots and time windows (LFVRP-VD-TW). It means that a big vehicle departs from the physical depot (PD) and traverses all virtual depots (VD), whereas a set of small vehicles performs delivery to customers and, if necessary, reloads the commodity either from the PD or from the big vehicle at a VD before continuing their work. During the operation, all of vehicles must perform delivery during the time window of the customers.
In this research, the LFVRP-VD-TW is formally formulated as a mixed integer programming problem. In addition, a meta-heuristics which includes tour construction and tour improvement procedure which consists of the tabu search and the exchange method is proposed for solving it. Seventeen test problems modified from the LFVRP-VD (Chen et al., 2007) benchmark instances were extensively examined. The results show that the average objective value of the seventeen test problems is 2673.15, and it could be reduced 10.59% by the tour improvement procedure.

關鍵字(中)

★ 接駁補貨
★ 實際場站
★ 虛擬場站
★ 禁制搜尋法

關鍵字(英)

★ Linehaul-feeder
★ Tabu search
★ Virtual depot
★ Physical depot

論文目次

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究內容 3
1.3 研究方法與流程 4
第二章文獻回顧 7
2.1 車輛途程問題之相關文獻 7
2.1.1車輛途程問題 7
2.1.2車輛途程問題的分類 8
2.1.3車輛途程問題的求解方法 11
2.2 指定點接駁車輛途程問題之相關文獻 22
2.3 虛擬場站接駁補貨車輛途程問題之相關文獻 25
2.4 文獻回顧之結論 28
第三章模型建構 30
3.1 問題特性 30
3.2 研究假設 33
3.3符號說明 35
3.4 數學模型 37
第四章求解演算法 44
4.1 演算法架構 44
4.2 建構初始途程模組 45
4.2.1 建構單一小車的超時容路線 47
4.2.2 建構多小車之超容量路線 51
4.2.3 選擇虛擬場站 59
4.2.4 建構初始可行路線 63
4.3 改善途程模組 67
4.3.1 禁制搜尋法 68
4.3.2 鄰近解 71
4.3.3 傳統區域搜尋法 72
第五章範例測試與分析 75
5.1測試例題之建立 75
5.2 範例測試 79
5.2.1範例測試之初始路線 79
5.2.2 改善路線之範例測試 82
5.2.3 範例測試結果之比較分析 84
第六章結論與建議 91
6.1 結論 91
6.2 建議 92
參考文獻 94
附錄一測試例題5之小車初始路線 98

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指導教授

陳惠國(Huey-kuo Chen)

審核日期

2008-6-26

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