數位X光片於預測術後人工膝關節空間關係之研究

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姓名

莊博寓(Po-yu Chuang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

數位X光片於預測術後人工膝關節空間關係之研究
(Fluoroscopy Based Artificial Knee Replacement Post-operation and Wearing Evaluation)

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摘要(中)

人工關節置換手術，至今已發展數十年的時間，在產學界也對此投入了相當多的人力及物力，無論是手術前人工關節之設計、製造或手術中的影像導引技術，都漸漸發展成型，但手術後於人體內之情形為何，卻較少人針對此探討。本研究則利用現今於臨床上已普遍使用的數位X光片，並配合電腦影像處理以及幾何投影特徵之特性，來發展一程式平台，以預測置換率最高之人工膝關節術後的空間對位關係。
本研究初步先拍攝兩張夾角固定之數位X光片，並利用影像處理之方式，擷取出影像之邊界，並將其向量化，進而得到二維影像中可以代表三維空間的特徵資訊，有點對點間的距離、邊界斜率等，最後利用SolidWorks的環境，將既有的人工膝關節模型進行空間的定位，最後產生其股骨與脛骨之對位情形，便可由此得到較精確的定位資訊，使醫護人員除了憑藉經驗來判斷此關節置入體內後之磨耗或對位之外，還有較明確的資訊可供參考，除此之外，也可供人工關節設計者作為未來人工膝關節設計之評估機制。

摘要(英)

The artificial joint arthroplasty, has already developed the time in decades so far, the academics and the industries have invested quite a lot of manpower and material resources, no matter the design or the manufacture of artificial joint in pre-operation, and planning and navigation system for surgery are developed gradually. But in post-operation, there are a few number of studies have been research it. The purpose of this study is using the digital fluoroscopy with computer image processing methods and characteristics of geometrical projection to develop a program which can predict the relationship of space of the total knee arthroplasty in post-operation.
The first step of this study is shooting two digital fluoroscopy with regular angle and using the image processing methods to detect the edge of image and then vectorizing it. After that we can get the two-dimensional image which can represent the characteristic information of three-dimensional. These information including the vertex,the distance of two points, and the slope of the edge. At last, we position the CAD model of artificial knee replacement with the above information by using SolidWorks, and we will know the relationship of space between the femur part and the tibia part. Base on the process before, we can obtain more precisely information of position of the knee replacement in human’s body. This information can provide doctors to judge the wearing and the position after this joint puts into the body. In addition, this program can also be a new assessment mechanism for the joint replacement designer in the future.

關鍵字(中)

★ 人工膝關節
★ 數位X光片
★ 術後預測
★ 投影特徵

關鍵字(英)

★ post-operation prediction
★ fluoroscopy
★ total knee replacement

論文目次

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………I
中文摘要……………………………………………………………III
致謝…………………………………………………………………IV
目錄…………………………………………………………………V
圖表索引……………………………………………………………VIII
第一章緒論………………………………………………………1
1.1前言…………………………………………………………1
1.2 研究目的與方法……………………………………………3
1.3 文獻回顧……………………………………………………7
1.4 論文結構……………………………………………………11
第二章數位X光片影像處理………………………………………12
2.1 前言…………………………………………………………12
2.2影像邊界搜尋…………………………………………………14
2.2.1平滑化濾波器……………………………………………14
2.2.2 SOBEL微分濾波器與影像二值化………………………17
2.2.3邊緣細線化………………………………………………20
2.3 影像向量化與頂點搜尋……………………………………23
2.3.1 向量化編碼……………………………………………23
2.3.2 頂點之確立……………………………………………25
2.4二維投影資訊與三維模型之點重建…………………………29
第三章模型對齊定位方法…………………………………………32
3.1 前言…………………………………………………………32
3.2 專家系統……………………………………………………32
3.3 投影特徵之分析……………………………………………35
3.3.1直接影像投影特徵之分析………………………………35
3.3.2幾何影像投影特徵之分析………………………………42
3.4 特徵比對表…………………………………………………45
3.5 特徵角度之對齊推論策略…………………………………48
3.5.1 特徵對齊推論策略……………………………………48
3.5.2 JACOBIAN矩陣於微調之應用…………………………50
第四章操作介面與實驗結果………………………………………53
4.1 前言…………………………………………………………53
4.2 人機界面簡介………………………………………………53
4.3 多面體之影像系統驗證……………………………………57
4.4實際人工膝關節數位X光片比對……………………………63
第五章結論與未來展望……………………………………………72
5.1 結論…………………………………………………………72
5.2 未來展望……………………………………………………73
參考文獻……………………………………………………………74

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指導教授

莊漢東(Han-tung Chuang)

審核日期

2007-7-20

推文