利潤極大化下產銷系統之協調補貨與定價策略

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吳明政(Ming-Cheng Wu) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

利潤極大化下產銷系統之協調補貨與定價策略
(Coordinated Pricing and Replenishment Strategy under Profit-Maximization Model for a Production-Distribution System)

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摘要(中)

本研究考慮利潤極大化下的單一製造商銷售單一產品給多個零售商，考量各個成員的主要成本項目為採購成本、批次訂購成本(批次設置成本)、存貨持有成本。發展出基本個別補貨與聯合補貨四個策略的模型，其上下游協調程度由低到高依序為單店單品項個別補貨(Policy I)、多店單品項協調補貨(Policy II)、多店VMI單品項協調補貨(Policy III)及多店VMI單品項協調補貨(Policy IV)加寄售，本研究的目的為建構利潤極大化下，發展各策略的模型來探討其協調補貨與零售價的制定並利用數值分析結果比較各策略影響利潤的差異。
在單位時間通路利潤方面，多店協調補貨策略與多店VMI協調補貨分別較單店個別補貨增加8.77%與7.96%。但多店協調補貨策略比多店VMI協調補貨增加0.8%，整體而言多店VMI協調補貨加寄售仍是最高較單店個別補貨增加11.85%。在補貨週期之數值結果，多店VMI協調補貨加寄售為最低，較單店個別補貨之兩家零售商下降。與其他學者所提出之VMI與協調補貨的確可降低補貨週期。協調策略程度的高低對於零售商與製造商之單位時間的持有成本減少有明顯變化，其中以多店VMI協調補貨加寄售之持有成本降低最多。
由參數的敏感度分析得到，零售商市場規模因子與向上游進貨的單位購買成本的變動與零售價變動呈正向關係，但與零售商價格敏感因子的變動是負向關係。其他參數，如：零售商的單位時間持有成本與主要批次訂購成本則無明確的正負向關係。

摘要(英)

This study is to model the single manufacturer and multiple retailers which sell one product and decision-making coordination under a production-distribution system considering non-cooperative replenishment for individual (Policy I), joint replenishment for retailers (Policy II), vendor managed inventory (Policy III), and vendor managed inventory with consignment (Policy IV). Our objective function is the channel profit maximization under each policy and comparison of each policy based Policy I from numeric analysis.
On numeric analysis, the channel profit of Policy IV is maximization and increased 11.85% compared with Policy I. The replenishment cycle is effective decreased under Policies with vendor managed inventory that matched most of research on vendor managed inventory. The level of coordination within manufacturer and retailers can be effective decreased on holding cost, especially on policy of vendor managed inventory with consignment.
On sensitivities analysis on each major parameter, the market share of retailer and purchasing cost from manufacturer are positive with retailing price. The sensitivity of price for retailer is negative with retailing price. Besides, the holding cost of retailer and the major set up cost per order of retailer are no significant relationship with retailing price.

關鍵字(中)

★ 決策制定協調
★ 產銷系統
★ 供應商管理存貨

關鍵字(英)

★ Vendor managed inventory
★ Decision making coordination
★ Production-Distribution System

論文目次

中文摘要................................................i
英文摘要...............................................ii
目錄..................................................iii
圖目錄..................................................v
表目錄.................................................vi
第一章緒論............................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機.....................................1
1.2 研究目的...........................................4
第二章文獻探討........................................6
2.1多階層通路的協調.....................................6
2.2 產銷系統的聯合補貨.................................10
2.3 供應商管理庫存.....................................11
第三章模型建構.......................................15
3.1前言................................................15
3.2 模型基本假設.......................................17
3.3 產銷系統的整合策略模型推導.........................20
3.3.1 單店個別補貨(Policy I)...........................20
3.3.2多店協調補貨(Policy II)...........................22
3.3.3多店VMI協調補貨(Policy III).......................25
3.3.4多店VMI協調補貨加寄售(Policy IV)..................28
第四章數值分析.......................................32
4.1 基本模型數值分析...................................32
4.2 基本模型敏感度分析.................................38
4.2.1 市場規模因子.....................................38
4.2.2 價格敏感因子 .....................................40
4.2.3 向上游進貨的單位購買成本.........................41
4.2.4 主要批次訂購成本.................................43
4.2.5 單位時間每件持有成本.............................45
4.2.6 Policy IV下補貨週期與零售價對通路利潤關係.......48
第五章結論與未來研究方向.............................49
5.1 結論...............................................49
5.2 未來研究方向.......................................50
參考文獻...............................................51

參考文獻

吳怡萱，商業周刊第1093期，好市多營收成長2成的秘密，民國九十七年。
http://www.businessweekly.com.tw/webarticle.php?id=34773
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指導教授

陳振明(Jen-Ming Chen)

審核日期

2009-7-3

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