腹腔電腦斷層影像與超音波影像之剛性融合

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姓名

徐偉恩(Wei-en Xu) 查詢紙本館藏

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機械工程學系

論文名稱

腹腔電腦斷層影像與超音波影像之剛性融合
(Rigid fusion of abdominal computed tomograph and ultrasound images)

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摘要(中)

腹部超音波檢查是腹部臟器疾病檢查常用的儀器,並可協助作穿刺及切片檢查。超音波掃描具有即時性與非傷害性，但二維影像雜訊多，且缺乏空間資訊，醫師需要有足夠的經驗才能據以正確判讀。因此本研究融合病患的超音波影像與電腦斷層影像，讓超音波影像與同方位的電腦斷層影像同步顯示，並在電腦斷層影像重建的三維模型上顯示超音波掃描方位，以協助超音波影像的判讀，進而可發展超音波掃描及影像判讀的訓練系統，提供醫護人員使用。
　　首先利用程式擷取超音波影像與超音波探頭的空間方位，並使用影像校正器，完成超音波影像的校準。電腦斷層影像與超音波方位對正則是掃描共用的球形標記，輔以疊代最近點(Interactive　Closest　Point)演算法，計算得到兩影像座標系的方位轉換矩陣。之後將兩影像資料與轉換矩陣，以基於MCV軟體架構開發超音波掃描與影像判讀視覺化軟體，並進行方位對正的誤差評估。
　　方位校準誤差分別以假體與人體進行實驗評估，並以樣板做比對。假體實驗的誤差與樣板測試相若，約為2至3公釐，符合預期精確度。人體實驗則因缺乏明確特徵可供誤差評估，粗略評估誤差約為1至2公分，推測誤差變大主因為呼吸造成臟器移位。因此偵測與補償呼吸所造成的臟器位移量，應可降低方位校準的誤差。

摘要(英)

Ultrasound　imaging　is　a　convenient　tool　for　diagnosis　of　abdominal　organ　diseases　and　can　be　applied　to　biopsy.　Ultrasound　imaging　is　real-time　and　has　no　harm　to　human　body.　However　it　has　some　drawbacks　such　as　images　are　blurred　and　lack　of　spatial　information.　　Physicians　need　well　training　and　clinic　experience　to　avoid　misdiagnosis.　This　study　proposes　an　image　registration　method　between　ultrasound　images　and　CT　images,　which　can　be　used　to　develop　an　ultrasound　scan　training　program　for　medical　staffs.
　　First,　ultrasound　images　and　corresponding　spatial　information　are　captured　by　computer　program,　and　then　the　images　are　calibrated　by　using　an　optic　tracker　and　a　calibration　phantom　with　N-type　wires.　The　registration　between　CT　images　and　US　images　is　done　by　finding　the　transformation　matrix　using　spherical　markers　combined　with　optimization　method　–　the　Iterative　Closest　Point　algorithm.　Then,　the　CT　and　US　images　can　be　fused　to　build　a　training　program　using　MCV　software　architecture.　The　registration　errors　can　also　be　assessed　in　the　training　program.
　　Registration　error　assessment　experiments　were　performed　with　a　box　phantom,　an　anthropomorphic　phantom,　and　patients.　The　errors　using　the　box　phantom　and　anthropomorphic　phantom　were　about　1-2　mm.　But　the　results　of　patient　experiments　had　an　error　of　1-2　cm.　The　possible　main　factor　is　liver　movement　due　to　respiration　which　should　be　compensated.

關鍵字(中)

★ 軟體架構
★ 方位校準
★ 超音波影像
★ 影像融合

關鍵字(英)

★ Ultrasound Image
★ Registration
★ Software architecture
★ Image fusion

論文目次

摘要..............................................i
Abstract..........................................ii
目錄..............................................iv
圖目錄............................................vi
表目錄............................................viii
第1章緒論......................................1
1-1 研究動機..................................1
1-2 文獻回顧..................................2
1-3 論文介紹..................................4
第2章系統架構..................................5
2-1 資料擷取階段..............................6
2-1-1 超音波影像................................6
2-1-2 電腦斷層掃描影像..........................6
2-1-3 定位資訊..................................7
2-1-4 影像擷取卡................................8
2-1-5 電腦主機..................................9
2-1-6 資料擷取軟體..............................9
2-2 影像資料的方位校準........................10
2-3 建構訓練系統..............................11
2-3-1 資料視覺化................................11
2-3-2 使用者介面設計............................12
2-3-3 彈性的程式架構............................12
第3章研究方法..................................13
3-1 方法概述..................................13
3-2 醫學影像與定位座標資料擷取................14
3-2-1 資料擷取速率與同步問題....................18
3-3 影像資料的方位校準........................19
3-3-1 座標系統定義..............................19
3-3-2 座標系統轉換..............................20
3-3-3 斷層掃描影像的方位校準....................23
3-3-4 超音波影像的方位校準......................27
3-4 建構視覺化系統............................31
3-4-1 通用訓練軟體架構..........................32
3-4-2 超音波訓練系統............................40
第4章實驗結果與討論............................49
4-1 實驗方法與實驗結果........................49
4-1-1 系統誤差分析實驗..........................51
4-1-2 假體樣板實驗..............................62
4-1-3 病患實驗..................................63
4-2 實驗結果討論..............................65
第5章結論與未來展望............................67
參考文獻..........................................69

參考文獻

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指導教授

曾清秀(Ching-shiow Tseng)

審核日期

2011-1-24

推文