以AHP法建構綠色供應鏈之外包商評選模式

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陳玉芬(Yu-Fen Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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企業管理學系

論文名稱

以AHP法建構綠色供應鏈之外包商評選模式
(Developing an Outsourcing Selection Model of Green Supply Chain by Analytic Hierarchy Process)

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摘要(中)

隨著環境快速轉變，過去學者所提出之外包商評選模式在適用性上可能稍嫌不足。為了發展一個能在實務中適用性高之外包商評選模式，因此本研究整合近幾年來所重視的綠色環保因子於外包商的評選模式中。同時，企業可藉此模式選出最佳外包商，並共同提升綠色供應鏈績效。
本研究以平衡計分卡理論基礎做為評選模式之架構。同時，利用文獻探討以及前測問卷施測整理出綠色供應鏈之外包商評選的關鍵指標。再以AHP專家問卷的方式，分析綠色供應鏈之外包商評選模式中各項指標相對權重及重要性。最後，模擬企業在選擇外包商之情境，驗證本研究所提出的綠色供應鏈之外包商評選模式在實務中是適用的。
研究結果發現，企業在評選外包商時，首重外包商的「製造流程」以及「售後服務流程」。而過去最為注重的「外包商提供的價格」因素，取而代之的是外包商「有害物質含量管制的能力」以及「友善環境材料使用」程度，而其他關鍵性指標依序為「解決問題的能力」、「製程綠色技術與改善能力」、「外包商的生產彈性」、「外包商的支援能力」、「製程節能省料的能力」、「降低產品成本的能力」、「履行合約與資訊安全管理的能力」、「綠色品質保證」、「環境適應彈性」、「外包商運送的可靠度」。最後，本研究驗證之結果顯示，綠色供應鏈之外包商評選模式在實務中是適用的。

摘要(英)

With the rapid changed of environment, the outsourcing selection models previously renderer by other researches may not be fit for the practical situation completely. In this paper, the outsourcing selection models will integrate environmental factors. In the meanwhile, enterprise could select the best outsourcer through the outsourcing selection models, and they could jointly enhance performance of green supply chain.
The structure of selection model in the dissertation bases on the theory of balance score card. This study reviews the relative literatures and questionnaire survey to generalize the key indicators of selection model. Then, use analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to analyze the relative weight and the important rank of dimensions, criteria and factors. Finally, we simulate the selective situations of the outsourcing selection model of green supply chain to prove the model is fit in the practical situation.
We find that the most important criteria are : manufacture process and post service process. In the past, enterprise focuses most on the price indicator, while recently, the importance of “capability of hazardous substance management” and “use of environment friendly materials “has surpassed the one of cost. Then the secondary indicators: capability of solving problem, process capability of green technology and improvement, capability of production flexibility,support capability, capability of minimizing energy and materials, capability of reducing product cost, capability of fulfilling agreement and information safety management, green quality assurance of production, environmental flexibility, reliability of delivery. Finally, the result shows that the proposed outsourcing selection model of green supply chain can fit in the practical situation.

關鍵字(中)

★ 綠色供應鏈
★ AHP法
★ 外包

關鍵字(英)

★ Green Supply Chain
★ Outsourcing
★ AHP

論文目次

論文摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vi
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 研究架構 4
第二章文獻探討 5
2.1 綠色供應鏈管理（Green Supply Chain Management） 5
2.1.1 供應鏈管理的定義 5
2.1.2 綠色供應鏈的定義 6
2.1.3 綠色供應鏈管理內涵 8
2.1.4 環境績效指標 9
2.2 外包（Outsourcing） 17
2.2.1 外包(Outsourcing)之定義 17
2.2.2 外包商傳統遴選指標 18
2.3 外包(Outsourcing)與綠色議題之間的關係 27
2.4 平衡計分卡的發展與理論基礎 27
第三章研究架構與研究方法 30
3.1 研究設計 30
3.1.1 建立評量模式之步驟 30
3.1.2 綠色供應鏈之外包商評選模式 32
3.1.3 指標之定義與衡量 37
3.1.4 問卷設計與研究對象 42
3.2 資料分析方法與分析工具 43
3.2.1 資料分析方法 43
3.2.2 資料分析工具 51
第四章研究分析與討論 52
4.1 前測問卷之樣本結構與資料分析 52
4.1.1 前測問卷之樣本結構分析 52
4.1.2 前測問卷資料分析 53
4.2 AHP專家問卷樣本結構與資料分析 59
4.2.1 AHP 專家問卷之樣本結構分析 59
4.2.2 AHP 專家問卷資料分析 61
4.3 驗證問卷之樣本結構與資料分析 64
4.3.1 驗證問卷之樣本結構分析 64
4.3.2 驗證模式之說明 65
4.3.3 模式驗證之結果 66
4.3.4 綠色供應鏈之外包商評鑑表 69
第五章研究結論與建議 71
5.1 研究結論 71
5.2 研究建議 73
5.3 研究限制與未來研究方向 73
參考文獻 75
附錄一前測問卷 82
附錄二 AHP專家問卷 89
附錄三驗證問卷 102

圖目錄
圖2.1 各國家擁有ISO14001認證的廠商數 13
圖2.2 供應商評選架構 14
圖2.3 平衡計分卡四個構面 28
圖2.4 內部流程觀點 29
圖3.1 本研究之綠色供應鏈之外包商評選模式之建立步驟 31
圖3.2 綠色供應鏈之外包商評選模式 35
圖3.2 綠色供應鏈之外包商評選模式（續） 36
圖3.3 層級分析法執行步驟之流程圖 50

表目錄
表2.1 過去學者對於含有綠色供應鏈概念之不同用語彙整表 7
表2.2 外包商環境績效指標 16
表2.3 Dickson(1966)選擇供應商的23個構面 19
表2.4 Barbarosoglu and Yazgac(1997)委外供應商評選指標 20
表2.5 Ehie(2001)評選外包商關鍵衡量指標 20
表2.6外包商傳統遴選指標 22
表2.7外包商評選指標 23
表2.7外包商評選指標(續) 24
表2.7外包商評選指標(續) 25
表2.7外包商評選指標(續) 26
表3.1 AHP評估尺度意義及說明 47
表3.2 隨機指標表 48
表4.1 前測問卷填答者任職部門、擔任職稱、產業分部概況 52
表4.1 前測問卷填答者任職部門、擔任職稱、產業分部概況（續） 52
表4.1 前測問卷填答者任職部門、擔任職稱、產業分部概況（續） 53
表4.2 觀察變項之平均數與標準差分析 54
表4.3 資產利用評量準則之因素分析 55
表4.4 成本管理評量準則之因素分析 55
表4.5 產品屬性評量準則之因素分析 56
表4.6 夥伴關係與配合能力評量準則之因素分析 56
表4.7 形象評量準則之因素分析 56
表4.8 創新流程評量準則之因素分析 57
表4.9 生產流程評量準則之因素分析 57
表4.10 售後服務流程評量準則之因素分析 57
表4.11 科技基礎評量準則之因素分析 58
表4.12 內部核心競爭力評量準則之因素分析 58
表4.13 各層級構面之信度分析彙整表 59
表4.14 AHP問卷填答者任職部門、擔任職稱、產業分部概況 60
表4.15 綠色供應鏈之外包商評選的各評量構面相對權重值及排序 61
表4.16 各項評量準則之相對權重與重要性排序 62
表4.17 各評量指標佔整體構面指標的相對權重值之綜合結果分析 63
表4.18 驗證問卷填答者任職部門、擔任職稱、產業分部概況 64
表4.18 驗證問卷填答者任職部門、擔任職稱、產業分部概況(續) 65
表4.19 驗證問卷之人類專家排序與AHP排序之「排序差異值」 67
表4.19 驗證問卷之人類專家排序與AHP排序之「排序差異值」(續) 68
表4.20 模式驗證之「平均每一評量專家之排序差異值排序差異」 69
表4.21 綠色供應鏈之外包商評鑑表 70
表5.1 綠色供應鏈之外包商評選前十二大關鍵性評量指標 72

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-Chin Ho)

審核日期

2010-7-21

推文