表面粗化技術對矽基異質接面薄膜太陽能電池元件之研究

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曾少澤(Shao-ze Tseng) 查詢紙本館藏

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光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

表面粗化技術對矽基異質接面薄膜太陽能電池元件之研究
(Surface Texturization Technology on the Applications of Heterojunction Silicon Solar Cells)

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摘要(中)

太陽能電池元件的光生電流大小與元件的光損耗(Optical loss)有關，對於經拋光處理後的平面單晶矽晶圓基板而言，於其材料吸收波段的入射光平均反射率會高達36%左右，這對於電池元件而言是非常大的光損耗現象，因此製作高效抗反射結構應用於電池元件上一直是非常熱門的研究題目之一。本論文研究主題在於利用奈米小球微影方法(Nanosphere lithography)於矽晶圓表面製作奈米級二維週期性粗化結構，使矽晶圓對於其吸收波段的平均反射率能夠大幅降低，並將此奈米級粗化結構應用於本研究團隊核心技術之磁控濺鍍法製備矽基異質接面薄膜太陽能電池上，接著探討分析粗化結構的參數變化對於電池元件輸出特性的影響。
本論文首先會探討磁控濺鍍參數與製備異質接面電池元件中的矽薄膜特性變化關係，並選擇合適的矽薄膜應用於電池元件上得到初步的元件效率，再針對元件製程以及透明導電膜的結構進行改良優化之研究，進而得到轉換效率穩定且再現性佳的電池元件。接著製作出不同結構參數的奈米級粗化結構矽基板應用於電池元件表面，探討奈米抗反射結構對電池元件輸出特性的影響。本論文之實驗結果證實利用奈米小球微影法製作出的最佳奈米級表面抗反射結構於波長區段為400 nm~1000 nm之平均反射率可降低至1.24%，而加上適當厚度抗反射薄膜則可將基板平均反射率再優化至0.53%。另外，結合奈米小球微影法製程之粗化結構異質接面電池元件的最低平均反射率可降至2.04%，該粗化結構對電池元件轉換效率的提昇效果可達31.49%。

摘要(英)

The photo-currents of solar cells are dependent on the optical loss. For example, there is about 36% of average reflectance on a polished Si wafer within the absorb wavelength region. Therefore, how to fabricate an anti-reflection structure to achieve a high efficiency solar cell has been one of the popular research topics.
In this research, a method for a HJT solar cell fabricated by using radio frequency magnetron sputtering has been described. The HJT solar cell was formed on a nanostructure silicon substrate fabricated using the nanosphere lithography process. The nanostructure properties were analyzed to compare with the output characteristics of the HJT solar cell. According to our measurement results, the average reflectance of a Si wafer with the bullet anti-reflection nanostructure was decreased to 1.24% between the wavelength arrange of 400 nm ~ 1000 nm. Then we deposited an anti-reflection thin film on the bullet nanostructure to achieve a better anti-reflection effect where the average reflectance was decreased to 0.53%. The best conversion efficiency of the nanopattern silicon substrate (NPSiS) HJT solar cell was 31.49% greater than that of the HJT solar cell on a flat silicon wafer. The average reflectance of the NPSiS HJT solar cell and the polished HJT solar cell were 2.04% and 14.80%, respectively.

關鍵字(中)

★ 抗反射結構
★ 異質接面薄膜太陽能電池
★ 磁控濺鍍
★ 表面粗化技術

關鍵字(英)

★ Anti-reflection structures
★ Heterojunction thin film solar cells
★ Magnetron sputtering
★ Surface texturization technology

論文目次

第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 文獻回顧 4
1.2.1 濺鍍法製作矽薄膜之研究文獻回顧 4
1.2.2 抗反射層之研究文獻回顧 6
1.3研究動機 16
1.4 研究規劃 17
第二章理論基礎與研究工具介紹 19
2.1物理氣相沈積技術：真空濺鍍 19
2.2太陽能電池原理 23
2.2.1 p-n接面 23
2.2.2 太陽能電池輸出特性 25
2.2.3 異質接面太陽能電池工作原理 30
2.3太陽能電池元件抗反射設計原理 31
2.4 矽薄膜特性分析原理 35
2.4.1矽薄膜光學特性 35
2.4.1.1 折射率與吸收係數 35
2.4.1.2 光學能隙 36
2.4.1.3 Urbach energy 36
2.4.2 矽薄膜電性 38
2.4.2.1 導電率 38
2.4.2.2 薄膜電阻率、載子濃度與遷移率 39
2.4.2.3 活化能 40
2.4.3 矽薄膜晶體結構特性 41
2.5結論 43
第三章元件模擬、矽薄膜光電特性分析與元件特性 44
3.1電池元件模擬 44
3.1.1 AMPS-1D模擬方法介紹 44
3.1.2 模擬參數介紹 45
3.1.3 元件模擬結果與分析 48
3.2 多腔式磁控濺鍍系統(MAGNETRON SPUTTERING CLUSTER SYSTEM)介紹 49
3.3 P型摻雜矽薄膜之製備參數與光電特性分析 52
3.3.1硼顆粒面積佔靶材面積50%之矽薄膜沈積 53
3.3.2硼顆粒面積佔靶材表面電漿環區域面積20%之矽薄膜沈積 56
3.3.3磁控濺鍍法製備p型摻雜含氫矽薄膜結論 61
3.4元件製作介紹與說明 61
3.5 異質接面太陽能電池元件特性分析 64
3.6 結論 69
第四章元件優化_製程改善、基板鈍化處理 72
與透明導電膜優化 72
4.1元件製程優化 73
4.1.1元件正背電極優化 73
4.1.2柵狀正電極之圖案優化 75
4.2 矽晶圓表面鈍化處理 80
4.2.1半導體之載子復合現象與生命週期 80
4.2.2表面鈍化處理方法介紹 85
4.2.3表面鈍化處理於元件輸出特性之結果分析 87
4.3透明導電膜改良優化 92
4.3.1透明導電膜簡介 94
4.3.2透明導電膜製作參數與光電特性分析 95
4.3.2.1具高導電性的ITO膜光電特性分析 96
4.3.2.2具高功函數的ITO膜光電特性分析 99
4.3.3透明導電膜優化之元件輸出特性結果分析 102
4.4結論 104
第五章具表面粗化結構之矽晶圓光學特性 107
模擬與結果分析 107
5.1 光學模擬方法介紹 107
5.1.1嚴格耦合波分析法(RCWA) 107
5.1.2 有限時域差分法（FDTD） 108
5.2模擬環境參數說明與平面矽基板之反射率模擬結果 110
5.3 具表面粗化結構之矽基板反射率模擬結果與分析 112
5.3.1圓錐型結構模擬結果與分析 112
5.3.2平台型結構模擬結果與分析 114
5.3.3子彈型結構模擬結果與分析 116
5.4 結論 118
第六章具表面粗化結構之矽基板與電池元件特性分析 120
6.1 具表面粗化結構矽晶圓基板反射率量測結果 120
6.1.1奈米小球微影法與具粗化結構矽基板製程介紹 120
6.1.2具表面粗化結構矽晶圓基板反射率量測結果 122
6.1.2.1具圓錐型粗化結構之基板反射率實際量測結果 123
6.1.2.2具平台型粗化結構之基板反射率實際量測結果 124
6.1.2.3具子彈型粗化結構之基板反射率實際量測結果 126
6.1.3改善優化子彈型結構之基板反射率量測結果 128
6.2以陽極氧化鋁法製作之具表面粗化結構電池元件 133
6.2.1陽極氧化鋁法 133
6.2.2 電池元件製作流程說明 135
6.2.3基板反射光譜結果與元件輸出特性結果分析 138
6.3小球微影法製作之具表面粗化結構電池元件 141
6.3.1 具粗化結構之矽基板反射率模擬結果與分析 142
6.3.2電池元件製作流程說明 144
6.3.3基板反射光譜結果與元件輸出特性結果分析 149
6.4 結論 159
第七章結論 161
7.1結論 161
7.2 未來研究方向 168
參考文獻 169

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指導教授

陳昇暉(Sheng-hui Chen)

審核日期

2014-8-7

推文