融入碳排放量的企業績效評估—以全球五百大企業為例

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：17

、訪客IP：3.12.41.6

姓名

徐光威(Kuang-Wei Hsu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

企業管理學系

論文名稱

融入碳排放量的企業績效評估—以全球五百大企業為例
(Evaluation of Business performance incorporating Carbon emissions)

相關論文

★ 從生態共生觀點發展組織合作模式	★ 影響產業垂直分工因素之探討
★ 發展台籍專業管家的人力派遣模式	★ 影響軍事機關審計品質之關鍵性因素及其相對效率衡量
★ 台灣光碟片設備供應商競爭策略分析	★ 國防科技研發機構組織向心力之研究
★ 衡量半導體零組件通路商之相對經營績效	★ 衡量半導體晶圓代工廠商生產單位之營運績效
★ 商業銀行營運型態與組織調整對分行營運效率的影響	★ 發展行動條碼為基礎的隨傳隨用視訊平台之應用
★ 飛機引擎定子零件維修之訂價調整方式	★ 國際化、創新活動與公司績效：台灣上市公司董事會結構論析
★ 探討網際網路事件達成關鍵多數之影響因素	★ 生態循環農業產銷策略個案研究
★ 探討以政策規範高耗能產業參與再生能源開發之綜效－以太陽光電發電系統為例	★ 適地性服務(LBS)之顧客體驗整合性設計—以中華電信行動導遊為例

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

近年來地球暖化漸受世人關注，1997年通過的京都議定書與2009年召開的聯合國氣候變化大會都顯示各界對氣候變遷的持續關切，影響氣候變遷的要素之一是二氧化碳排放量，而企業生產行為又伴隨排放二氧化碳。因此，了解地球上各大企業或產業的二氧化碳排放量情況是一個值得關心與研究的議題。
現有文獻中，主要以特定產業或是國家為研究對象，較少同時探討多種產業的生產效率。因此本研究試圖以全球五百大企業 (Global 500) 為研究對象，將二氧化碳排放量視作非意欲產出，以資料包絡分析法 (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA) 探討各產業的生產效率，並以Malmquist生產力指數衡量其效率變遷。此外，本研究透過碳揭露 (Carbon Disclosure Project, CDP) 之問卷尋找影響二氧化碳排量與二氧化碳排放減量的要素。
研究結果如下:
1. 2008-2010年的各企業生產力衰退的比例較高。
2. 2008-2010年，具生產力進步DMU的產業包括非必須消費品業、工業及材料業。
3. 連續三年具有效率DMU數排名前三高的產業是金融業和能源業，連續三年具有效率DMU排名最後兩名的產業是工業和公用事業。
4. 對企業實際二氧化碳排放量/減量有顯著影響的要素是企業是否評估或提供誘因機制給因應氣候變遷的管理階層來達到溫室氣體排放目標。

摘要(英)

Global warming has been concerned in recent years. The Kyoto Protocol adopted in 1997 and 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference have shown continuing concern about climate change. One of the factor of climate change is carbon dioxide emissions. Since production activities accompany emissions of carbon dioxide , therefore, to understand the carbon dioxide emissions of major business or industrial is a topic worthy of concern and research.
Existing literature mainly focus on specific industries or countries, rather than discuss productivity of different industries at the same time. This research attempts to use Global 500 as the research object, the carbon dioxide emissions as undesirable output, and apply the Data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compare the efficiency different industries. Also, this research apply Malmquist Productivity Index to measure the efficiency change of industries in the period of 2008 to 2010. Furthermore, by questionnaires of Carbon Disclosure Project , this study find the factor influences carbon dioxide emissions and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.

關鍵字(中)

★ Malmquist生產力指數
★ 二氧化碳排放量
★ 資料包絡分析法

關鍵字(英)

★ carbon dioxide emissions
★ DEA
★ Malmquist Productivity Index

論文目次

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vi
第一章緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3研究流程 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
第三章研究方法 7
3.1研究模型 7
3.1.1資料包絡分析法(DEA) 7
3.1.2 考慮非意欲產出的SBM模型 9
3.2生產力變動 10
3.2.1 Nonparametric Malmquist productivity index 10
3.2.2 Catch-up 效果 11
3.2.3 Frontier-shift 效果 12
3.2.4 Malmquist Index 12
3.3Mane-whitney U test 13
3.4資料來源與變數 14
第四章研究結果 16
4.1全球500大企業績效變遷 16
4.1.1不考慮碳排放量 16
4.1.2考慮碳排放量 18
4.2全球500大企業績效變遷—按產業別 20
4.2.1不考慮碳排放 20
4.2.2考慮碳排放 20
4.3 全球500大企業績效比較—按產業別 22
4.4影響企業二氧化碳排放量/減量的要素 25
第五章結論與建議 26
5.1研究結論 26
5.2建議 27
5.3 未來研究方向 27
文獻 28
附錄 32
附錄一研究對象公司名稱(I) 32
附錄二全DMU catch-up 效果 34
附錄三全DMU Frontier-shift 效果 35
附錄四全DMU Malmquist值 36
附錄五 10大產業的效率變遷 37
附錄五 10大產業的效率變遷(續) 38
附錄六考慮二氧化碳排放量的DMU效率值(2008) 39
附錄七考慮二氧化碳排放量的DMU效率值(2009) 40
附錄八考慮二氧化碳排放量的DMU效率值(2010) 41
附錄九不考慮二氧化碳排放量的DMU效率值(2008) 42
附錄十不考慮二氧化碳排放量的DMU效率值(2009) 43
附錄十一不考慮二氧化碳排放量的DMU效率值(2010) 44
附錄十二研究對象公司名稱(II) 45

參考文獻

Ang, B.W. (1999). Is the energy intensity a less useful indicator than the carbon factor in the study of climate change? Energy Policy, 27, 943–946.
Agrell, P.J.and Bogetoft, P. (2005). Economic and environmental efficiency of district heating plants. Energy Policy, 33, 1351–1362.
Arcelus, F.J., Arocena, P., (2005). Productivity differences across OECD countries in the presence of environmental constraints. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 56,1352–1362.
Bra ̈nnlund, R., Chung, Y.H., and Fa ̈re, R., Grosskopf, S.,(1998).Emissions trading and profitability: The Swedish pulp and paper industry. Environmental and Resource Economics ,12,345–356.
Boyd, G.A. and McClelland, J.D., (1999). The impact of environmental constraints on productivity improvement in integrated paper plants. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management ,38, 121–142.
Boyd, G.A.and Pang, J.X., (2000). Estimating the linkage between energy efficiency and productivity. Energy Policy, 28, 289–296.
Barla, P., Perelman, S., (2005). Sulphur emissions and productivity growth in industrialized countries. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 76, 275–300.
Byrnes, P.,Fa ̈re, R.,and Grosskopf, S., (1984). Measuring productivity efficiency: An application to Illinois strip mines. Management Science, 30, 671–681.
Byrnes, P., Fa ̈re, R.,and Grosskopf, S., Lovell, C.A.K., (1988). The effect of unions on productivity: US surface mining of coal. Management Science ,34, 1037–1053.
Fa ̈re, R., Grosskopf, S., (2004). Modeling undesirable factors in efficiency evaluation: Comment. European Journal of Operational Research ,157, 242–245.
Fa ̈re, R., Grosskopf, S., and Pasurka, C., (1986). Effects on relative efficiency in electric power generation due to environmental controls. Resources and Energy ,8, 167–184.
Fa ̈re, R., Grosskopf, S., and Lovell, C.A.K., Pasurka, C., (1989).Multilateral productivity comparisons when some outputs are undesirable: A nonparametric approach. The Review of Economics and Statistics ,71, 90–98.
Fa ̈re, R., Grosskopf, S., and Logan, J., (1983). The relative efficiency of Illinois electric utilities. Resources and Energy ,5, 349–367.
Fa ̈re, R., Grosskopf, S., and Logan, J., (1985). The relative performance of publicly-owned and privately-owner electric utilities. Journal of Public Economics ,26, 89–106
Fa ̈re, R., Grosskopf, S., and Yaisawarng, S., Li, S.K., Wang, Z.P.,(1990). Productive growth in Illinois electric utilities. Resources and Energy, 12, 383–398
Fa ̈re, R., Grosskopf, S., Tyteca, D., (1996). An activity analysis model of the environmental performance of firms – application to fossil-fuel-fired electric utilities. Ecological Economics18, 161–175.
Fa ̈re, R., Grosskopf, S., Pasurka Jr., C.A., (2001). Accounting for air pollution emissions in measures of state manufacturing productivity growth. Journal of Regional Science, 41, 381–409.
Fa ̈re, R., Grosskopf, S., Hernandez-Sancho, F., (2004). Environmental performance: An index number approach. Resource and Energy Economics ,26, 343–352.
Hawdon, D., (2003). Efficiency, performance and regulation of the international gas industry – a bootstrap DEA approach. Energy Policy, 31, 1167–1178
Hjalmarsson, L., and Veiderpass, A., (1992). Productivity in Swedish electricity retail distribution. Scandinavian Journal of Economics,94 (supplement), 193–205.
Jamasb, T., and Pollitt, M., (2003). International benchmarking and regulation: An application to European electricity distribution utilities. Energy Policy ,31, 1609–1622.
Kashani, H.A., (2005a). State intervention causing inefficiency: An empirical analysis of the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Energy Policy, 33, 1998–2009.
Kashani, H.A., (2005b). Regulation and efficiency: An empirical analysis of the United Kingdom continental shelf petroleum industry. Energy Policy ,33, 915–925.
Korhonen, P.J., Luptacik, M.,(2004). Eco-efficiency analysis of power plants: An extension of data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research ,154, 437–446.
Kulshreshtha, M., and Parikh, J.K., (2002). Study of efficiency and productivity growth in opencast and unsergroud coal mining in India: A DEA analysis. Energy Economics ,24, 439–453.
Kumar, S., (2006). Environmentally sensitive productivity growth: A global analysis using Malmquist-Luenberger index. Ecological Economics ,56, 280–293.
Liang, L., Wu, D., Hua, Z., (2004). MES-DEA modelling for analyzing anti-industrial pollution efficiency and its application in Anhui province of China. International Journal of Global Energy Issues ,22, 88–98.
Mika Kortelainen,(2008), Dynamic environmental performance analysis: A Malmquist index approach, Ecological Ecnomics,(64),701-715
Munksgaard, J., Pade, L.L., and Fristrup, P., (2005). Efficiency gains in Danish district heating. Is there anything to learn from benchmarking?. Energy Policy ,33 1986–1997.
Oude Lansink, A., Bezlepkin, I., (2003). The effect of heating technologies on CO2 and energy efficiency of Dutch greenhouse firms. Journal of Environmental Management, 68, 73–82.
Pratima Bansal and Kendall Roth(2000). Why Companies Go Green: A Model of Ecological Responsiveness, The Academy of Management Journal, 43, 4 , 717-736
Pasurka Jr., C.A., (2006). Decomposing electric power plant emissions within a joint production framework. Energy Economics ,28, 26–43.
Price, C.W., and Weyman-Jones, T., (1996). Malmquist indices of productivity change in the UK gas industry before and after privatization. Applied Economics, 28, 29–39.
Ramanathan, R., (2002). Combing indicators of energy consumption and CO2 emissions: A cross-country comparison. International Journal of Global Energy Issues,17, 214–227.
Ramanathan, R., (2005a). An analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in countries of the Middle East and North Africa. Energy ,30, 2831–2842.
Ramanathan, R., (2005b). Estimating energy consumption of transport modes in India using DEA and application to energy and environmental policy. Journal of the Operational Research Society ,56, 732–737.
Raczka, J., (2001). Explaining the performance of heat plants in Poland. Energy Economics, 23, 355–370
Robert U. Ayres, Hal Turton, Tom Casten,(2004), Energy efficiency, sustainability and economic growth, Energy,32,5,634-648.
Sun, J.W., (2005). The decrease of CO2 emission intensity is decarbonization at nationaland global levels. Energy Policy, 33, 975–978.
Thompson, R.G., Lee, E., and Thrall, R.M., (1992). DEA/AR efficiency of US independent oil/gas producers over time. Computers & Operations Research ,19, 377–391.
Thompson, R.G., and Dharmapala, P.S., Thrall, R.M., (1995). Linkedcone DEA profit ratios and technical efficiency with application to Illinois coal mines. International Journal of Production Economics ,39, 99–115.
Thompson, R.G., and Dharmapala, P.S., Rothenberg, L.J., Thrall, R.M., (1996). DEA/AR efficiency and profitability of 14 major oil companies in US exploration and production.
Tol, R.S.J., Pacala, S.W., and Socolow, R.H., (2009). Understanding long-term energy use and carbon emissions in the USA. Journal of Policy Modeling, 31, 425–445
Tyteca, D., (1997). Linear programming models for the measurement of environmental performance of firms – concepts and empirical results. Journal of Productivity Analysis ,8, 183–197.
Tyteca, D., (1998). Sustainability indicators at the firm level:Pollution and resource efficiency as a necessary condition toward sustainability. Journal of Industrial Ecology ,2, 61–77.
Weyman-Jones, T.G., (1991). Productive efficiency in a regulated industry: The area electricity boards of England and Wales. Energy Economics ,13, 116–122
Yunos, J.M., and Hawdon, D., (1997). The efficiency of the National Electricity Board in Malaysia: An intercountry comparison using DEA. Energy Economics ,19, 255–269.
Zaim, O., and Taskin, F., (2000a). Environmental efficiency in carbon dioxide emissions in the OECD: A non-parametric approach. Journal of Environmental Management ,58, 95–107.
Zaim, O., and Taskin, F., (2000b). A Kuznets curve in environmental efficiency: An application on OECD countries. Environmental and Resource Economics ,17, 21–36.
Zaim, O., (2004). Measuring environmental performance of state manufacturing through changes in pollution intensities: A DEA framework. Ecological Economics, 48, 37–47.
Zofio, J.L., and Prieto, A.M., (2001). Environmental efficiency and regulatory standards: The case of CO2 emissions from OECD industries. Resource and Energy Economics ,23, 63–83.
Zhou, P., Ang, B.W., and Poh, K.L., (2006b). Slacks-based efficiency measures for modeling environmental performance. Ecological Economics ,60, 111–118.
Zhou, P., Poh, K.L., and Ang, B.W., 2007. A non-radial DEA approach to measuring environmental performance. European Journal of Operational Research ,178, 1–9.
Zhou, P.,B.W.Ang,and J.Y.Han,(2009).Total factor carbon emission performance:A Malmquist index analysis, Energy Economics.

指導教授

張東生、蕭嬋
(Dong-Shang Chang、Chan Hsiao)

審核日期

2011-6-30

推文