旋轉鼓內密度效應對條紋狀分離現象之影響

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粘煥章(Huan-chang Nien) 查詢紙本館藏

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機械工程學系

論文名稱

旋轉鼓內密度效應對條紋狀分離現象之影響
(Streak Patterns of Density Segregation in a Thin Rotating Drum)

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摘要(中)

本文主要是以實驗方法探討不同密度顆粒體於類二維旋轉鼓系統中，因物理性質的差異所造成之條紋狀分離現象。並分析旋轉鼓轉速之快慢、密度比之不同、安息角角度之大小，以及粒子填充率之高低對分離圖案所造成的影響。實驗過程中，以高畫質數位攝影機與高速攝影機拍攝顆粒體在旋轉鼓中因密度差異所造成之分離現象，並以影像分析方法及粒子追蹤技術計算分離現象達到穩態後的條紋數目及顆粒體的傳輸性質，其後也計算條紋圖形的面積以及周長，進而求得該圖形之形狀指標。本文更引用了該指標來量化分離圖案變化的過程，並進行分析與比較。
本研究的實驗結果顯示，我們成功的以實驗方法做出由密度分離效應所產生之條紋狀分離現象，這在之前的文獻中並沒有被探討過。且由實驗結果發現，若要在密度效應下形成規律且穩定的條紋狀分離圖案，所需要的是兩顆粒間差異較大的安息角與密度。而最重要的一點是，顆粒體的密度差異並不是造成條紋狀分離形成的主要原因。因此，我們可以根據不同之實驗結果，並利用無因次安息角差值及密度比值畫出一相圖區間。將所有條件分成條紋狀分離、核心狀分離及混合三個部份，用以表示顆粒體在不同條件下之分離圖形。我們也發現到，無因次安息角差值、密度比以及旋轉鼓轉速皆會嚴重影響到條紋形成的花瓣數目。而最後本實驗也發現，在相同的配置且改變不同粒子填充率的情況下，條紋的圖形以及形狀指標都會明顯受到旋轉鼓內填充率高低的影響。

摘要(英)

Granular segregation in a rotating drum occurs due to the differences in either particle size or density. This study investigates experimentally the streak segregation patterns in binary mixtures of different density particles (D-system) in a circular thin rotating drum. The influences of rotational speed, density ratio, angle of repose and fill level on streak segregation are studied. The particles motions are recorded by the high definition DV and high-speed camera. Image processing technology and particle tracking method are employed to determine the number of petals, granular transport properties and shape index of streak patterns. Additionally, the parameter of shape index is defined to quantify the process of formation of segregation patterns.
The streak segregation patterns due to density effect are successful measured in this paper. The result is interesting and not be studied in the previous literatures. The results show that the binary mixtures require significant difference of repose angles and density ration to generate a regular and stabilization streak patterns. We also find that the density ratio of particle is not the dominate parameter to influence the formation of streak segregation patterns. A phase diagram is determined to identify three regimes about segregation patterns. Additionally, we also find that the dimensionless difference of repose angle, density ratio, rotational speed and fill level all play crucial roles in the number of petals in the streak segregation patterns.

關鍵字(中)

★ 顆粒流
★ 條紋狀分離
★ 旋轉鼓

關鍵字(英)

★ Radial Segregation
★ Rotating Drum
★ Streak Patterns
★ Granular Flow

論文目次

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 III
附表目錄 V
附圖目錄 VI
符號說明 IX
第一章緒論 1
1-1粒子流簡介 1
1-1-1顆粒物質 1
1-1-2粒子流的特性 2
1-2顆粒體在旋轉鼓內的現象 3
1-2-1旋轉鼓的應用 3
1-2-2旋轉鼓內的運動型態 4
1-2-3旋轉鼓內滾動流態下的兩個區域 5
1-2-4旋轉鼓內的分離行為 6
1-3粒子流中的條紋狀分離現象 7
1-4研究動機與架構 9
第二章實驗方法 10
2-1實驗設備 10
2-2實驗原理與方法 12
2-2-1實驗參數原理 12
2-2-2影像處理分析方法 13
2-2-3安息角角度之量測 14
2-2-4形狀指標之計算 15
2-2-5影像的相關性(Correlation)簡介 15
2-2-6粒子溫度之概念 18
2-3旋轉鼓中不同密度顆粒所形成之條紋狀分離實驗 19
2-3-1實驗配置 19
2-3-2實驗流程與步驟 19
2-4誤差分析 22
第三章結果與討論 23
3-1密度效應之條紋狀分離現象 23
3-1-1條紋形成之過程變化 23
3-1-2條紋形成之碎波機制 24
3-1-3密度與轉速差異對條紋形成之量化與分析 26
3-2顆粒間安息角差異對條紋形成之影響 28
3-2-1不同密度顆粒下之動態安息角角度 29
3-2-2分離圖案在不同密度配置下之分析 29
3-3粒子填充率對條紋形成之影響 31
3-3-1不同粒子填充率下之條紋狀分離現象 31
3-3-2條紋狀分離中的低通過濾機制 32
第四章結論 34
參考文獻 36

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指導教授

蕭述三(Shu-san Hsiau)

審核日期

2012-6-29

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