| 摘要(英) |
Various organs and tissues of the human body are covered with capillaries, mainly composed of a layer of endothelial cells. The capillaries are where blood and surrounding tissues exchange materials. The human body relies on the capillaries to provide the organs and tissues with oxygen and nutrients; at the same time capillaries help remove the metabolic waste to maintain the tissue function. In order to prevent necrosis of tissues and organs, the whole network of the capillaries is essential to engineered tissues.
By developing a mathematical model that includes cell density, gel density, and gel displacement, this study simulates the early stage behavior of vasculogenesis generated by the endothelial cells cultured on the fibrin gel. The model describes the cell migration characteristics and the gel displacement by the traction of the cells. A linear analysis is performed to check whether the system parameters will enhance or inhibit the cells to form a non-uniform distribution. By classifying the parameter as being stabiling and destabilizing, nonlinear stimulations are also carried out.
Results from simulation show that due to the cell-gel interaction, the lacunae will appear over the cell population. As time goes by, the lacunae will expand and combine with other lacunaes in the surrounding. By testing the cell number density and defining the structure of network index, simulations show the gel’s network structure forms only for a adequate amount of cells.
|
| 參考文獻 |
Adams RH and Alitalo K. 2007. Molecular regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 8:464-478.
Balaban NQ, Schwarz US, Riveline D, Goichberg P, Tzur G, Sabanay I, Mahalu D, Safran S, Bershadsky A, Addadi L and Geiger B. 2001. Force and focal adhesion assembly: a close relationship studied using elastic micropatterned substrates. Nature cell biology 3:466-472.
Barocas VH, Moon AG and Tranquillo RT. 1995. The fibroblastpopulated collagen microsphere assay of cell traction force-Part 2: measurement of the cell traction parameter.Journal of biomechanical engineering 117:161–170.
Barocas VH and Tranquillo RT. 1997. An anisotropic biphasic theory of tissue-equivalent mechanics: the interplay among cell traction, fibrillar network deformation, fibril alignment, and cell contact guidance. Journal of biomechanical engineering 119:137-145.
Benkherourou M, Gumery PY, Tranqui L and Tracqui P. 2000. Quantification and macroscopic modeling of the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of strained gels with varying fibrin concentrations. IEEE Transactions on biomedical engineering 47: 1465-1475.
Carter SB. 1965. Principles of cell motility:The direction of cell movement and cancer invasion. Nature 18:1183-1187.
Cook J. 1995. Mathematical Models for Dermal Wound Healing: Wound Contraction and Scar Formation. PhD thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, pp:98-133.
Davis GE, Koh W and Stratman AN. 2007. Mechanisms controlling human endothelial lumen formation and tube assembly in three-dimensional extracellular matrices. Birth defects Research C 81:270–285.
Davis GE and Camarillo CW. 1995. Regulation of endothelial cell morphogenesis by integrins, mechanical forces, and matrix guidance pathways. Experimental cell research 216:113-123.
Delvoye P, Wiliquet P, Leveque JL, Nusgens BV and Lapiere CM. 1991. Measurement of mechanical forces generated by skin fibroblasts embedded in a three-dimensional collagen gel. The society for investigative dermatology 97:898-902.
Drake CJ. 2003. Embryonic and adult vasculogenesis. Birth defects research C 69: 73–82.
Ferrenq I, Tranqui L, Vailhe B, Gumery, PY and Tracqui P. 1997. Modelling biological gel contraction by cells: mechanocellular formulation and cell traction force quantification. Acta biotheoretica 45:267-293.
Folkman J and Haudenschild C. 1980. Angiogenesis in vitro. Nature 288:551–556.
Folkman J. 2001. Angiogenesis-dependent diseases. Semin Oncol 28:536-542.
Fung Y. 1993. Biomechanics:Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues. 2rid ed Springer Verlag.
Girton TS, Barocas VH and Tranquillo RT. 2002. Confined compression of a tissue-equivalent: collagen fibril and cell alignment in response to anisotropic strain. Journal of biomechanical engineering 124:568–575.
Guillemin K, Groppe J, Ducker K, Treisman R, Hafen E and Affolter M. 1996. The pruned gene encodes the Drosophila serum response factor and regulates cytoplasmic outgrowth during terminal branching of the tracheal system. Development 122:1353–62.
Holmes MJ and Sleeman BD. 2000. A mathematical model of tumour angiogenesis incorporating cellular traction and viscoelastic effects. Jourmal of theoretical biology 202:95-112.
Ingber DE and Folkman J. 1989. Mechanochemical switching between growth and differentiation during fibroblast growth factor-stimulated angiogenesis in vitro: Role of extracellular matrix. The journal of cell biology 109:317-330.
Ishaug-Riley SL, Okun LE, Prado G, Applegate MA and Ratcliffec A. 1999. Human articular chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation on synthetic biodegradable polymer films. Biomaterials 20:2245-2256.
Korff T and Augustin HG. 1999. Tensional forces in fibrillar extracellular matrices control directional capillary sprouting. Journal of cell science. 112:3249-3258.
Kubota Y, Kleinman Martin GR and Lawley TJ. 1988. Role of laminin and basement membrane in the morphological differentiation of human endothelial cells into capillary-like structures. The journal of cell biology 107:1589–1598.
Landau L and Lifschitz E. 1970. Theory of Elasticity. New York Pergamon Press.
Langer R and Vacanti JP. 1993. Tissue engineering. Science 260:920-926.
Lanir Y. 1983. Constitutive equations for fibrous connective tissues. Journal of Biomechanies 16:1-12.
Lauffenburger DA and Horwitz AF. 1996. Cell migration:A physically integrated molecular process. Cell 84:359-369.
Manoussaki D, Lubkin SR, Vernon R and Murray JD. 1996. A mechanical model for the formation of vascular networks in vitro. Acta biotheoretica 44:271–282.
Moon AG and Tranquillo RT. 1993. Fibroblast-populated collagen microsphere assay of cell traction force: Part 1. continuum model. AIChE Journal 39:163-175.
Murray JD and Oster GF. 1984. Cell traction models for generating pattern and form in morphogenesis. Journal of mathematical biology 19:265–279.
Namy P, Ohayon J and Tracqui P. 2004. Critical conditions for pattern formation and in vitro tubulogenesis driven by cellular traction fields. Journal of theoretical biology 227:103-120.
Palecek SP, Loftus JC, Ginsberg MH, Lauffenburger DA and Horwitz AF. 1997. Integrin–ligand binding properties govern cell migration speed through cell-substratum adhesiveness. Nature 385:537-540.
Scherer GW, Hdach H and Phalippou J. 1991. Thermal expansion of gels: a novel method for measuring permeability. Journal of Non-crystalline solid 130: 157-170.
Tranqui L and Tracqui P. 2000. Mechanical signalling and angiogenesis. The integration of cell-extracellular matrix couplings. Comptes rendus de l’’Académie des Sciences 323:31-47.
Tracqui P, Namy P and Ohayon J. 2005. Cellular networks morphogenesis induced by mechanically stressed microenvironments. Journal of biological physics and chemistry 5:57-69.
Vailhé B, Ronot X, Tracqui P, Usson Y and Tranqui L. 1997. In vitro angiogenesis is modulated by the mechanical properties of fibrin and is related to αvβ3 integrin localisation. In vitro cellular & developmental biology 33:763-773.
Vailhé B, Lecomte M, Wiernsperger N and Tranqui L. 1998. The formation of tubular structures by endothelial cells is under the control of fibrinolysis and mechanical factors. Angiogenesis 2:331-344.
Vega-Salas DE, Salas PJ and Rodriguez-Boulan E. 1988. Exocytosis of vacuolar apical compartment (VAC): a cell–cell contact controlled mechanism for the establishment of the apical plasma membrane domain in epithelial cells. The journal of cell biology 107:1717-1728.
Vernon RB, Lara SL, Drake CJ, Iruela-Arispe ML, Angello JG, Little CD, Wight TN and Sage EH. 1995. Organized type I collagen influences endothelial patterns during “spontaneous angiogenesis in vitro”:Planar cultures as models of vascular development. In vitro cellular & developmental biology 31:120-131.
Vernon RB and Sage EH. 1995. Between molecules and morphology. Extracellular matrix and creation of vascular form. American journal of patbology 147:873-883.
Weidner N, Folkman J, Pozza F, Bevilacqua P, Allred EN, Moore DH, Meli S and Gasparini G. 1992. Tumor Angiogenesis:A New Significant and Independent Prognostic Indicator in Early-Stage Breast Carcinoma. Journal of the national cancer insititute 84:1875-1887.
Xu K and Cleaver O. 2011. Tubulogenesis during blood vessel formation. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 22:993– 1004.
Zhang WJ, Liu W and Cao Y. 2007. Tissue engineering of blood vessel. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 11:945-957.
|
[Endnote RIS 格式]
[相關文章]
[文章引用]
[完整記錄]
[館藏目錄]
[檢視]
plurk
funp
live
udn
HD
myshare
netvibes
friend
youpush
delicious
baidu
Google bookmarks
del.icio.us
hemidemi
facebook
twitter
google
reddit