奈米鈀觸媒擔載於氧化錳-氧化鈰於甲苯完全氧化反應之應用

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楊銘彥(Ming-Yen Yung) 查詢紙本館藏

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化學工程與材料工程學系

論文名稱

奈米鈀觸媒擔載於氧化錳-氧化鈰於甲苯完全氧化反應之應用
(The Catalytic Properties of Pd/MnOx－CeO2 on Destruction of Toluene)

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摘要(中)

氧化錳-氧化鈰觸媒對揮發性有機廢氣焚化有良好活性，奈米鈀/氧化鈰觸媒對於甲苯完全氧化反應有很高的活性。因此，吾人製備鈀/氧化錳-氧化鈰觸媒以期達到更佳的反應活性。在本研究中，製備一系列不同錳/(錳+鈰)比例的鈀/氧化錳-氧化鈰觸媒。先以共沉澱法及氧化還原沉澱法製備氧化錳-氧化鈰，再以初濕含浸法製備0.5 wt. %之鈀觸媒。觸媒鑑定方面，主要是以X光繞射儀(XRD)，穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)，高解析度穿透式電子顯微鏡(HRTEM)，X光電子能譜儀(XPS)與程溫還原系統(TPR)，進行鑑定與分析。並使用甲苯作為本研究觸媒焚化之指標物。反應物甲苯之進料濃度為8.564 g/m3 (2085 ppm)，空間流速為10,000 h-1。TEM與HRTEM圖中顯示鈀的顆粒大小約為3到5奈米，且均勻分布於擔體上，其結果與XRD結果一致。由XPS中可發現在適當的錳/(錳+鈰)比例下，有助於鈀元素態與高價錳的比例增加，同時也增進其反應活性。由氧化還原沉澱法製備之氧化錳-氧化鈰擔體較共沉澱法製備之擔體有更大的體積、孔洞體積、表面積、更高的表面錳含量及錳價態，且有特殊的棒狀型顆粒，故擁有更好的反應活性。從活性測試中，鈀/氧化錳-氧化鈰觸媒之反應活性優於鈀/氧化錳、鈀/氧化鈰混合觸媒，證明鈰與錳之間有好的交互作用。實驗結果顯示鈀/氧化錳-氧化鈰觸媒之反應活性優於單一擔體之觸媒，是因為氧化錳與鈀與氧化鈰間有協同作用使得反應活性佳。對於甲苯完全氧化反應，鈀/氧化錳-氧化鈰觸媒是非常好的。

摘要(英)

MnOx-CeO2 was reported to be active for VOCs combustion and Pd/CeO2 were reported to be very active to destruct toluene from this lab. Therefore, combination of MnOx-CeO2 and palladium is a potential candidate to achieve a catalyst with high activity. In this study, a series of Pd/MnOx-CeO2 catalysts with various ratios of Mn/(Mn + Ce) were prepared. MnOx-CeO2 supports were prepared by co-precipitation method and redox-precipitation method, Pd was loaded by incipient-wetness impregnation method. The Pd loadings in all samples were fixed at 0.5 wt.%. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The catalysts were tested for total oxidation of toluene. The feed concentration of toluene was 8.564 g/m3 (2085 ppm), with GHSV= 10,000 h-1. The TEM and HRTEM images showed that Pd particle sizes were 3–5 nm and well-dispersed on the support. This result is consistent with the XRD studies. XPS study indicated that the suitable ratio of Mn/(Mn + Ce) able increased the proportion of metallic palladium, the content of high valance state manganese and the catalytic activity. Redox-precipitation prepared MnOx-CeO2 supports have a larger pore volume, surface area, higher manganese valance state, and higher surface manganese amount compare with MnOx-CeO2 prepared by CP method. Moreover MnOx-CeO2 prepared by RP method had a special tube-like shape, so that Pd/MnOx-CeO2 RP had a higher activity. Pd/MnOx-CeO2 catalyst was better than the physically-mixed Pd/MnOx and Pd/CeO2 catalyst, which indicates that there is a strong interaction between ceria and manganese. In conclusion, Pd/MnOx-CeO2 catalysts were superior to Pd/MnOx and Pd/CeO2 catalysts due to the synergetic effect between Ce and Mn. Pd/MnOx-CeO2 catalysts are very promising for toluene destruction.

關鍵字(中)

★ 甲苯
★ 氧化錳-氧化鈰
★ 氧化鈰
★ 氧化錳
★ 鈀
★ 觸媒焚化

關鍵字(英)

★ CeO2
★ MnOx
★ MnOx-CeO2
★ toluene
★ Palladium
★ Catalytic combustion

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
Table of Contents iv
List of Figures viii
List of Tables xi
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Chapter 2. Literature review 3
2.1 Introduction of VOCs and toluene 3
2.2 VOC control technologies 3
2.2.1 Adsorption 4
2.2.2 Condensation 4
2.2.3 Thermal oxidation 4
2.2.4 Catalytic oxidation 4
2.3 Preparation method 5
2.3.1 Impregnation method 5
2.3.2 Co-precipitation method 6
2.3.3 Deposition-precipitation method 6
2.3.4 Colloidal method 7
2.3.5 CVD method 7
2.4 CeO2 7
2.5 Applications of palladium catalysts 9
2.5.1 CO oxidation 10
2.5.2 NO-CO reaction 11
2.5.3 Water-gas-shift reaction 11
2.5.4 Three-way catalysts 11
2.6 Applications of manganese catalysts 12
2.6.1 CO oxidation 12
2.6.2 Water-gas-shift reaction 12
2.6.3 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis 13
2.6.4 Formation of aromatic aldehyde by hydrogenation 13
2.7 Toluene oxidation 14
2.7.1 Support effect 16
2.7.2 Calcined Temperature effect 17
2.7.3 Effect of pretreatment method 18
2.7.4 Reaction mechanism 18
2.8 Objectives 19
Chapter 3. Experimental 20
3.1 Chemicals 20
3.2 Catalyst preparation 20
3.2.1 Preparation of supports 20
3.2.2 Preparation of palladium catalysts 22
3.3 Characterization 22
3.3.1 ICP-MS 23
3.3.2 XRD 23
3.3.3 N2-sorption 23
3.3.4 TEM and HRTEM 24
3.3.5 XPS 24
3.3.6 H2-TPR 25
3.4 Toluene oxidation reaction 25
Chapter 4. Catalytic combustion of toluene on Pd/CeO2–MnOx catalysts 28
4.1 Introduction 28
4.2 Result 30
4.2.1 ICP-MS 30
4.2.2 XRD 30
4.2.3 N2-sorption 33
4.2.4 TEM and HRTEM 34
4.2.5 XPS 40
4.2.6 H2-TPR 48
4.3 Catalytic activity on toluene oxidation reaction 50
4.4 Discussion 52
4.4.1 Effect of different Mn/(Mn + Ce) ratio in support 52
4.4.2 Properties of Pd on different supports 53
4.4.3 Mechanism during toluene oxidation reaction 55
4.5 Costs of catalysts 57
4.6 summarization of past catalysts 57
4.7 Conclusion 59
Chapter 5. The catalytic properties of redox-pricipitation catalysts Pd/CeO2–MnOx on oxidation of toluene 60
5.1 Introduction 60
5.2 Results 61
5.2.1 ICP-MS 61
5.2.2 XRD 62
5.2.3 N2-sorption 65
5.2.4 TEM 66
5.2.5 XPS 69
5.2.6 H2-TPR 77
5.3 Catalytic activity on toluene oxidation reaction 79
5.4 Discussion 82
5.4.1 Influence of preparation method 82
5.4.2 Effects of different Mn content in support 84
5.4.3 Properties of Pd on different supports 85
5.5 Cost of catalysts 87
5.6 Conclusion 88
Chapter 6. Summary 89
References 91
Appendix 104

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指導教授

陳郁文(Yu-Wen Chen)

審核日期

2012-6-22

推文