| 摘要: | 「說話」為一複雜的運動控制，其過程必須包含呼吸、發聲和構音一致性的協調處理。說話為人與人互動的最主要溝通方式，所以了解說話的發聲機制變成非常的重要。本研究利用功能性磁振造影(fMRI)探討與中文發聲相關的大腦皮質區域。利用fMRI實驗的設計，同時結合生理訊號(EMG)的量測，在不同的發聲模式下，(A)正常的說話模式、(B)不出聲的說話模式、(C)無構音的說話模式和(D)默唸，做中文「ㄇ丫，ㄇ丫ˊ，ㄇ丫ˇ，ㄇ丫ˋ」的閱讀，以及(E)正常的說話模式只發「ㄇ丫」的音。從實驗結果觀察到與說話氣流控制、發聲及聽覺相關的區域為感覺運動區、輔助運動區、顳上回、小腦、頂葉聯結區和舌回；與構音有關的大腦區域為感覺運動皮質、小腦、額下回、前後扣帶回和楔前葉；與聲調變化的大腦處理區為雙側基底神經節、雙側海馬結構、雙側頂葉聯結區、左運動前區、左枕中回、右小腦、右顳上回、右中腦。此三個結果都與小腦有關，由此可知，小腦在中文說話上扮演重要的角色。 The act of speaking is a complex coordination of motor control. It demands simultaneous control of respiratory, laryngeal, and articulatory systems. In the human communication studies, understanding of the neural mechanism for speaking becomes essential. The aim of this study is to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) method to find neural correlates on Chinese speech production. Simultaneous acquisition of physiological data (such as EMG) and fMRI was explored in this study. The paradigm used in this study has five conditions: (A) normal speech, (B) mouthing speech, (C) unarticulated speech, (D) internal speech, and (E) normal speech. The visual stimuli of the first four conditions are ma1, ma2, ma3, and ma4 and the stimulus for the last one is ma1. From the results, we observed that the areas associated with the control of breathing for speech, vocalization, and hearing were the sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, the superior temporal gyrus, the cerebellum, parietal association area, and the lingual gyrus. The areas associated with articulation observed were the sensorimotor cortex, the cerebellum, the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus, and the precuneus. The areas associated with tone variation were found in bilateral basal ganglia, bilateral hippocampal formation, bilateral parietal association area, the left pre-motor area, the left middle occipital gyrus, and the right cerebellum, the right superior temporal gyrus, and the right midbrain. Neural correlates of speech production and Chinese tone were all related to the cerebellum. Therefore, our results show that the cerebellum plays an important role on Chinese speech production. |
