| 摘要: | 本論文描述數個應用於微波存取全球互通系統之射頻電路設計，分別以TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS製程與TSMC 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS製程來實現，所實現電路包括一個電容補償諧波控制技術之功率放大器、兩個採用變壓器耦合之功率放大器、轉導提升式考畢茲電壓振盪器、變壓器回授式電壓控制振盪器、互補交錯耦合式壓控振盪器與除頻器。功率放大器與電壓控制振盪器均是採用二階式發射機的系統架構，應用在2.6 GHz頻段為了行動式微波存取全球互通系統需求。 各電路之量測特性如下：採用電容補償諧波控制技術之功率放大器，約有13.2 dB的增益、約9.04 dB輸入回返損耗、約5.4 dB的輸出回返損耗、20.2 dBm的輸出1 dB增益壓縮點、28.2 dBm的輸出三階截斷點、1 dB增益壓縮點的功率增進效率為24.4 %；採用變壓器耦合之功率放大器架構一，約有8.2 dB的增益、約8.63 dB的輸入回返損耗、約7.56 dB的輸出回返損耗、23.3 dBm的輸出1 dB增益壓縮點、27.5 dBm的輸出三階截斷點、1 dB增益壓縮點的功率增進效率為17.04 %；採用變壓器耦合之功率放大器架構二，約有18.35 dB的增益、大於10 dB的輸入回返損耗、約3.97 dB的輸出回返損耗、24.2 dBm的輸出1 dB增益壓縮點、27.8 dBm的輸出三階截斷點、1 dB增益壓縮點的功率增進效率為15.9 %。轉導提升之考畢茲壓控振盪器，利用差動電路特性，達成轉導提升的效果，改善了以往考畢茲振盪器難起振的條件，達到低功率的效能。頻率可調範圍為360 MHz，輸出功率為0.92 ~ 2.11 dBm，離主頻100 KHz之相位雜訊為-90.9 dBc/Hz，離主頻1 MHz之相位雜訊為-118.2 dBc/Hz，功率消耗為3.156 mW，優化指數為-187.8 dBc/Hz 。變壓器回授壓控振盪器，頻率可調範圍為320 MHz，輸出功率為-1.82~0.73 dBm，離主頻100 KHz之相位雜訊為-94.2 dBc/Hz，離主頻1 MHz之相位雜訊為-120.1 dBc/Hz，功率消耗為3.22 mW，優化指數為-182.97 dBc/Hz。互補交錯耦合式壓控振盪器與除頻器，頻率可調範圍為360 MHz，輸出功率為 -3.9 ~ -2.8 dBm，離主頻100 KHz之相位雜訊為-92.6 dBc/Hz，離主頻1 MHz之相位雜訊為-117.4 dBc/Hz，功率消耗為7.2 mW，優化指數為-183.3 dBc/Hz，除頻器可操作的除頻範圍為0.37 ~ 3.07 GHz。 This thesis describes several radio frequency circuit designs for WiMAX applications. They are implemented in TSMC 0.35 ?m SiGe BiCMOS and 0.18 ?m CMOS technologies, respectively. The implemented circuits include one power amplifier (PA) using the capacitance compensation and harmonic control technique, two PAs using transformer coupling technique, three voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) using gm-boosting, transformer feedback, complemently cross couple techniques and one frequency divider. These PAs and VCOs operating at 2.6 GHz are realized for the two-step transmitter architecture in mobile WiMAX system. The measured results are summaried as below：PA with capacitance compensation and harmonic control technique one, achieves a power gain of 13.2 dB with input return loss 9.04 dB, output return loss of 5.4 dB, 1-dB gain compression point (P1dB) of 20.2 dBm, the output third-order intercept point (OIP3) of 28.2dBm, power added efficiency (PAE) at P1dB of 24.4 %. PA with transformer coupling technique one achieves a power gain of 8.2 dB with input return loss of 8.63 dB, output return loss of 7.56 dB, P1dB of 23.3 dBm, the output third-order intercept point (OIP3) of 27.5dBm, PAE at P1dB of 17.04 %. PA with transformer coupling technique two achieves a power gain of 18.35 dB with input return loss better than 10 dB, output return loss of 3.97 dB, P1dB of 24.2 dBm, the output third-order intercept point of 27.8dBm, PAE at P1dB of 15.9 %. Differential Colpitts VCO with Gm-boosting reduces the power consumption which yields a tuning range of 360 MHz, an output power of 0.92 ~ 2.11 dBm. The phase noise at 100 KHz and 1 MHz offset frequencies achieves -90.9 dBc/Hz and -118.2 dBc/Hz, respectively. The power consumption of the VCO core dissipates only 3.156 mW and FOM is -187.8 dBc/Hz.Transformer feedback VCO yields a tuning range of 320 MHz, an output power of -1.82~0.73 dBm. The phase noise at 100 KHz and 1 MHz offset frequencies is -94.2 dBc/Hz and -120.1 dBc/Hz, respectively. The power consumption of the VCO core dissipates only 3.22 mW with FOM of -182.97 dBc/Hz. Complemently cross-coupled VCO and frequency divider yields a tuning range of 360 MHz, an output power of -3.9 ~ -2.8 dBm. The phase noise at 100 KHz and 1 MHz offset frequencies is -92.6 dBc/Hz and -117.4 dBc/Hz, respectively. The power consumption of the VCO core dissipates only 7.2 mW with FOM of -183.3 dBc/Hz. The total loacking range of frequency divider is from 0.37 ~ 3.7 GHz. |
