本文探討具有損耗性的商品在一簡單的供應鏈之中，資訊分享和決策制定協調對其成本之影響。我們設定在單一製造商及單一零售商的結構下，當下游零售商面對著跟時間與價格相依的需求時的環境，研究四種不同的供應鏈整合策略，分別為無資訊分享和無決策制定協調策略、完全資訊分享和無決策制定協調策略、供應商管理庫存整合策略及既受整合策略。 探討在四個策略之下，供應鏈成員會採取不同的補貨模式來最大化自身的利潤，在無資訊分享和無決策制定協調策略的模式下，零售商產生對自己最佳的補貨排程而驅使製造商進行逐批補貨；若完全資訊分享後，零售商產生的補貨排程會分享給製造商，因而使製造商採取最佳化的動態經濟批量模式；供應商管理庫存整合策略與寄售整合策略的模式下，由於整個供應鏈分享資訊、統一決策，故可將供應鏈視為整合單一的計劃者，我們發展一個資訊相互分享且系統協調的模型，目標為產生最佳的補貨排程並使整體系統的利潤最大化。 本文的目的在量化和分析當供應鏈採用上述不同整合策略且產品具有損耗性特質時，資訊分享和決策制定之協調所產生的價值，並且檢視供應鏈上因資訊分享和決策制定協調產生之價值是如何分配在成員之間，我們利用數值分析來輔助了解可能的情形為何，並透過敏感度分析來了解在參數變動下，對各整合策略績效的影響。 This study is to discuss the impact of information sharing and decision-making coordination for perishable items in a supply chain consisting of a single retailer, and upstream manufacturer. We consisting of four varying-level strategies for integrating a supply chain-including “no information sharing and no coordination”, “full information sharing and no coordination”, “Vendor Managed Inventory”, and “Consignment”. Depending on the four strategies, members of a supply chain tend to adopt different replenishment model to maximum their profit. We assume that the downstream retailer faces a continuous time-varying and retailer-price-varying demand and generate his own optimal replenishment schedule to trigger the upstream manufacturer replenishment. On the other hand, we develop a system coordination replenishment model with the objective of maximum whole system profit to generate the common replenishment schedule under centralized decision making. Our objective is to quantify and analyze value generated from a system of information sharing and decision coordination for perishable items in a whole supply chain according to aforementioned four different strategies, and then, to observe how the value is distributed among members of the chain. In the study, data simulation analysis is used to investigate all possible situations, and sensitivity analysis to find out effects of variable parameters on each strategy.
