零散揀貨環境下之分區揀貨作業問題的探討; The Performance of Zone Picking under Piece Picking Environment

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题名:	零散揀貨環境下之分區揀貨作業問題的探討;The Performance of Zone Picking under Piece Picking Environment
作者:	李天傑;Tian-Jie Li
贡献者:	工業管理研究所
关键词:	物流中心;訂單揀取;分區揀貨;品項儲位設計;選取訂單法則;Distribution Center;Order Picking;Zone Picking;Item Storage Design;Order selection Rule
日期:	2009-07-10
上传时间:	2009-09-22 14:20:42 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學圖書館
摘要:	供應鏈的競爭遍及各個層面，包括產品的訂價、銷售、策略行銷、物流等都是重要的環節。其中根據研究，在物流系統之中，揀貨所耗費的相關成本佔了總成本的15~20%；故揀貨相關的作業是一項相當值得研究的議題。揀貨系統有許多形式，最為常見的揀貨系統稱作嚴格訂單揀貨系統，是指一個揀貨人員一次負責一張訂單的揀貨方式。這種揀貨方式最大的缺點，就是揀貨人員時常必須橫跨整個揀貨區域，以揀取訂單包含的品項。而分區揀貨(Zone Picking)，一般可分為同時分區揀貨(Synchronized Zone Picking)和順序分區揀貨(Sequential Zone Picking)；分區揀貨最大的好處便是固定揀貨人員，使得揀貨人員只需要在某個區域內揀取訂單上的品項，而不必在揀取品項的過程中，耗費太多行走時間。儘管分區揀貨大幅節省了揀貨人員的行走時間，但分隔區域便會造成各個揀貨區域的工作量不平衡問題。由於分區揀貨系統具有多條揀貨走道，因此在揀取訂單的時候，會先將訂單分成數個揀貨箱，再將揀貨箱送進不同的揀貨走道進行揀取作業。由於只有當全部的揀貨箱都完成揀取作業之後，才算完成一張訂單，因此區域工作量不平衡的問題將會嚴重影響訂單的揀取時間。本研究針對分區揀貨環境的區域不平衡問題，以品項儲位設計及訂單選取控制兩個部份，各別提出數個法則，希望降低分區揀貨系統的系統總揀貨時間及平均每張訂單的揀貨時間。本研究最後以模擬軟體Arena 11.0驗證各法則的組合下，何者的系統績效指標最佳。 The competitions in supply chain are common in pricing, sales, strategic marketing, logistics. According to researches, picking related costs take 15 to 20% of all costs in logistic system. It makes picking related operations as a valuable issue to study. There are many types in picking system, the most common one is called strict picking system. The disadvantage of strict picking system is that pickers are likely cross the entire picking zone to pick items in orders. On the other hand, the greatest advantage of zone picking is that pickers are fixed with their picking zone. It makes pickers pick their items without crossing entire picking system thus saves time a lot. Though zone picking environment save walking time dramatically, it would cause workload balancing problem in every zones. There are several picking aisles lie in zone picking system, and zone picking system would split an order into several picking box. The picking boxes would be taken into different picking aisles to complete the picking operations. An order is said to be finished only if its picking boxes are all finished, thus the unbalancing problem would effect order complete time dramatically. The research proposes several rules in order to solve zone unbalancing problem in zone picking environment, hoping to decrease system picking time and average order picking time in zone picking system. In the study, we make use of Arena 11.0 coding the simulation and use statistical package SPSS 13.0 analyze and compare the variable combination experience outcomes.
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