兩岸於2001年底及2002年初，先後加入世界貿易組織（WTO）。由於兩岸經濟結構的差異，以及兩岸加入WTO之基本條件不同（大陸是以開發中國家身份加入，對外開放有寬限期；台灣是以已開發國家身份加入，對外開放無寬限期。），因此台灣銀行業的經營環境相較於大陸來說已達飽合狀態。大陸在加入WTO之後，分階段陸續對外開放銀行業，中國銀行業監督管理委員會（簡稱銀監會）於2003年4月掛牌成立後，將開放重點聚焦在（1）進一步擴大外資銀行經營業務的範圍和領域，（2）推動外資銀行加強與中資銀行業務與股權的合作。除了陸續修訂相關法令規章，逐步放寬外資銀行在大陸設立分行及業務範圍的相關限制外，更藉著開放外資銀行參股中資銀行，促進提高中資銀行金融服務水平，加快中資銀行的重組與改造。 隨著大陸金融市場業務規模的逐步擴增，大陸市場成為外資銀行重點目標之際，台灣銀行業卻受限於兩岸情勢低迷，面對龐大商機卻乏力掌握。因此本文由外資銀行在大陸的發展歷程及現況為起點，探討大陸當局近期的政策動向及措施，並分析WTO及CEPA（更緊密經貿關係安排）對兩岸金融互動的影響，歸結出台資銀行赴大陸設立據點的三種可行模式：（1）獨立設立分支據點。（2）結合外國銀行登陸。（3）參股或併購中資銀行。 然而台灣銀行業在憧憬大陸龐大商機而進軍大陸時，也得面對在大陸營運將可能遭遇展業、授信、資金及信用等不同的風險，因此如何掌握大陸金融環境的最新趨勢，檢視自身的競爭條件，進而調整並擬定有效的進軍策略，才是銀行經營階層所關切的議題。本研究即希望透過理論及實務的結合，除了研擬出台灣銀行業在現行兩岸法令規範下，提供台灣銀行業進軍大陸市場的可行模式外。並以國內知名學者司徒達賢教授所創的策略矩陣，及策略形分析法等理論，深入分析個案銀行發展大陸業務的歷程，及策略成功與否所隱含的意義和前提，為國內銀行業者在進行相關計劃時，提供一個可供參考的策略分析架構及思考方向。 Taiwan and China have joined WTO (World Trade Organization) at the end of 2001 and the beginning of 2002 respectively and due to different nature of both side’s economic system, Taiwan’s already overcrowded banking sector, faces a competition far more severe than that for its counterpart across the strait. As China is required to gradually open its domestic market for foreign financial institutions, China Banking Regulatory Commission （CBRC）has thus been set up in 2003 to not only supervise where and how the foreign banks can run business but also enhance further cooperation between local and foreign banking institutions. On top of that, CBRC is to formulate supervisory rules and regulation concerning banking industry’s business scope and braches establishing so that the expertise and competitiveness will be acquired by Chinese banks with the help from their foreign counterparts. With the prospect of China becoming a big player on the world’s financial market, major international banking group have long made their entry there via M&A or organic growth. Taiwan’s banking sector has however been refrained from the Chinese market within the same timeframe. This thesis aims to give a comprehensive record of foreign banks’ development in China and by analyzing the impact of WTO and CEPA (Closer Economic Partnership Agreement) on the banking sectors of both sides, this thesis concludes three possible routes Taiwan’s banking institutions may take in order to facilitate operation in China. To summarize, this thesis combines real case studies with strategic matrixs of the renown scholar, Professor Dah Hsian Seeto and wishes to give out a pragmatic strategic analysis for local financial institutions attempting to expand business in China.
