財務市場顯著異質性: 簡單代理人基財務模型之實證研究;Significance of Heterogeneity in Financial Markets: Empirical Studies from Simple Agent-Based Financial Models

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Title:	財務市場顯著異質性: 簡單代理人基財務模型之實證研究;Significance of Heterogeneity in Financial Markets: Empirical Studies from Simple Agent-Based Financial Models
Authors:	高瑩芳;Ying-Fang Kao
Contributors:	經濟學研究所
Keywords:	適應性信念系統;代理人基財務模型;基本面交易者;順勢技術分析者;逆勢技術分析者;遺傳演算法;Adaptive Belief System;Agent-Based Financial Model;Fundamentalist-Momentum
Date:	2008-11-09
Issue Date:	2009-09-22 15:10:47 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學圖書館
Abstract:	本篇論文利用對代理人基財務模型的參數估計以檢定財務市場的顯著異質性，並且試圖從所估計的參數中觀察異質代理人的行為趨勢以及市場動態。代理人基財務模型己被多方面證實有能力解釋總體市場所看到的突現現象，然而模型的設計在文獻上存在相當大的岐異。截至目前為至，並沒有文獻真正在探討究竟財務市場需要多少異質代理人以至於能複製總體現象，本篇論文的貢獻即是在嘗試回答這個問題。受到適應性信念系統(Adaptive Belief System)這一隻文獻的鼓舞，本篇論文隨著主流設計，在典型的兩類人模型 (基本面交易者與順勢技術分析者) 上外加一個逆勢技術分析者，進而構成典型的三類人模型。因為離散變數存在的原因，本篇論文採納強大的遺傳演算法做法直接估計的最適化工具。從10 筆股票指數及21筆匯率的兩年期日資料的估計結果，本篇論文發現，三類型的模型並沒有顯著優勢。然而估計出的市場動態仍呈現值得進一步探究的有趣現象。 It has been long asked whether agent-based model can be a useful tool for forecasting, instead of just replicating or growing the stylized facts. In other words, in addition to provide a bottom-up mechanism to explain the stylized fact as an emergent outcome, agent based modeling has drawn further interests with regards to its estimation and prediction power. The recent research trend suggests that one can be cautiously optimistic about this possibility. This is particular so given the recent contribution by de Jong et al. (2006) and Manzan and Westerhoff (2007). Before the forecasting power of agent-based financial models are examined, more basic knowledge base should be carefully explore. Accordingly, this paper is devoted to an econometric study of the simple agent-based financial markets, which are based on the few-type designs. In particular, we follow the essential spirit of the adaptive belief system proposed by Brock and Hommes (1997) and Brock and Hommes (1998) in the context of fundamentalists-momentum trader and fundamentalists-momentum trader-contrarians formulation. The general question which con- cerns us is the significance of the number of types of agents, in particular, its contribution to replicating financial time series. A related issue, and a core issue, concerns the minimum number of types (clusters) required to replicate financial dynamics (Aoki, 2002). We are still uncertain about the general formulation of the issue because each type of financial agent can be designed in different ways. Hence, narrowing down the issue to the comparison between fundamentalist-chartist models and fundamentalist-chartist-contrarian models seems to be necessary at this stage. In this paper, we use financial data from 10 stock markets and 21 foreign exchange markets. Our econometric estimation of the simple agent-based financial markets can be related to Boswijk et al. (2007) and Amilon (2008). However, since the settings of the model are not exactly the same, our estimation method and technique are different from theirs. Because several parameters related to financial agents’ behaviors, as emphasized in literature of heterogeneous agent financial model, are discrete variables and lead to a complex and nonlinear objective function (sum of squared error). Given this nature, the common numerical algorithms, which depend on the derivative of the objective function, is not available. Dorsey and Mayer (1995) suggest the use of genetic algorithms to deal with such situations and in this paper, we follow this recommendation. One of our main findings from the limited experiments is that given fundamentalists and chartists, additional contribution from contrarians is insignificant or not evident. While we do not have evidence in support of the 3-type model, the inclusion of the contrarians does destabilize our estimation in many ways. Besides, we are asking what kind of questions we can ask and how much we can learn from the agent-based financial markets with empirical data. Some specific questions asked in this paper may be considered as a special case of what can be more generally proposed. For example, we may consider the role of trading mechanism in the observed financial time series, the realistic time horizon perceived by the financial agents, and the influence of risks in agents'decision.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Economics] Electronic Thesis & Dissertation

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