| 摘要: | 近年地球暖化與能源危機問題逐漸受到世界各國重視，京都議定書生效之後，使得傳統發電方式如利用石油、燃煤、火力等受到嚴重影響，世界各國面臨溫室氣體排放量縮減之壓力，發展再生能源已是全球未來追求永續發展的重要策略之一。本研究以市場失靈概念為出發點，對於再生能源發展障礙做系統性整理，建立政策研究之基礎，並以歐洲小型經濟體國家(瑞典、丹麥)推動再生能源發展之政策及其相關配套措施(補貼與租稅)為例，分析其對於各個層面的障礙如何克服以及政策工具的運用，並評估政策實施的成效。研究發現丹麥與瑞典於再生能源工具的使用上並非同一段時間內使用多種措施的方式，而是在每項措施的運用上，每一階段各有不同的作法。在研發與示範階段，解決了科技、文化與心理、社會及環境的排斥等三個障礙；碳稅制度、投資誘因、租稅誘因、收購電價等措施解決了生產因素、基礎設施與經濟方面的障礙；自願性計畫以及數量基礎的電力憑證制度則解決了有關需求面的問題。相較於台灣，立法程序緩慢、電力市場未開放以及相關法規與獎勵措施未整合，阻礙再生能源科技的發展。本研究透過分析丹麥與瑞典之經驗，建議台灣應加速立法程序、整合法規與相關措施、促進電力市場自由化；政策工具考量上除鼓勵增加裝置容量外應同時重視發電量的誘因，並針對不同再生能源科技提供不同之收購電價。另外，整合產、學、研三方之力量籌組研發聯盟，開發再生能源產業關鍵技術，以國際市場為目標，排除海外市場貿易障礙，增加出口的機會，藉由技術合作機制切入國際再生能源設備之供應鏈體系，增加再生能源設備市場之競爭力。 Recent years the Earth warmed and the energy crisis question receives various countries to take seriously gradually. After the Kyoto Protocol becomes effective, causes the traditional electricity generation way like using the petroleum, coal-burning, firepower and so on to come under the serious influence. Renewable energy development has become one of important strategies for world future continues forever to develop. This paper take the market failure concept as a starting point, make the systematic reorganization regarding the renewable energy sources development barrier, and take the European small economy country (Sweden, Denmark) impels policy and the related coordinated sets of measures the renewable energy sources development (subsidy and taxes) as an example, analyzes it to overcome as well as the policy tool's utilization regarding each stratification plane barrier, and appraises the policy implementation the result. The research discovered that Denmark and Sweden in the identical section time use many kinds of measures by no means in the renewable energy sources tool's use the ways, but in each measure's utilization, each stage respectively has the different method. In the research, development and demonstration stage, has solved technical, cultural and psychological, social and the environment repel and so on three barriers; carbon measures and so on tax system, investment cause, land and other taxes cause, feed-in-tariff have solved the factors of production, the infrastructure and the economic aspect barrier; The voluntary plan as well as quantity foundation's electric power certificate system has solved the related demand surface problem. Compares in Taiwan, the legislative procedure is slow, electric power market not open as well as related laws and regulations and reward measure not conformity, hindrance renewable energy sources science and technology development. This research by analyzes experience of Danish and the Sweden, suggested that Taiwan should accelerate the legislative procedure, the conformity laws and regulations and the associated measures, the promotion electric power market liberalization; The policy tool considers besides encourages to increase the installment capacity should simultaneously to take the power rate the cause, and aims at the different renewable energy sources science and technology to provide the different purchase electricity price. Moreover, the conformity produces, studies, grinds the tripartite strength to organize the research and development alliance, the development renewable energy sources industry key technologies, take the international market as the goal, removes the overseas market barrier to trade, increases the export the opportunity, cuts into supply of chain system the international renewable energy sources equipment because of the technical collaboration mechanism, increases competitive power of the renewable energy sources equipment market. |
