| 摘要: | 選課活動的安排，在大專院校中屬於例行性的業務。教務行政人員必須在兼顧修課規定與選課公平性的原則下，於學校排定的日程內，完成選課作業的資料處理，以利教學活動的進行。但為確保數量龐大且規則繁複的選課資料之正確性與即時性，讓教務行政人員承受莫大的壓力，因此傳統上偏重以排隊處理的人工選課作業模式，面臨了嚴重的考驗。 而在資訊（電算）中心的協助下，排隊選課逐漸轉變成網路選課，但多數由專科改制為學院之技職院校由於面臨課程規劃與選課彈性之轉變，以及校內學制的多樣性，選課實施過程仍面臨不少的問題。在此背景下，為解決學生選課之抱怨，所以本研究希望以網路選課為前提，探討選課問題的可能原因，藉以設計出能符合師生期望之選課系統，並藉著系統實施之評估來提出結論與建議，亦作為未來選課實施的參考方向。 本研究在選課公平性的問題上，包含了先選先上(First Come, First Served)模式與志願分發模式之探討；在系統效能問題上，則說明了系統架構採行多層式架構之理由與資源調度機制的重要性。而在系統分析設計方面，則說明了系統開發方法論之選擇過程，接著進行問題定義(Problem Definition)與目標定義，並緊跟著進行可在合理成本下快速決定問題是否能解決以及它是否值得解決的可行性研究(Feasibility Study)，其後並以汪尼爾圖(Warnier-Orr Diagram)來表示關鍵之資料結構定義；以實體關聯圖(Entity-Relationship Diagram)來呈現系統之資料模型：以階層圖(Hierarchy Diagram)來呈現系統所包含之功能。 另外在系統開發實施方面，本研究除了說明開發階段之系統架構外，尚包含部門協調會議之中所討論的事項，以及實際開發所遇到的分發公平性與資料輸出入問題。而在實施階段之評估則包含公平性抱怨降低、問題處理品質提高之效益，以及排課配合、網管人力、系統測試、流程制訂與資訊安全等問題。 最後，本研究根據系統實施結果提出了有關網路效能、程式內部組態、選課模式、資訊人員等不同面向的結論，並提出加強自動化、系統整合與改良志願分發演算法等系統面之建議。 The practice of course election is a routine affair in college. Academic administrative personnel must complete course election data processing based on regulations and course election fairness in the schedule of school. But the academic administrative personnel always suffer from great pressure of ensuring the correctness and immediateness of mass course election data. Therefore, the traditional line-up course election mode faces great trials. To ease the pressure, the academic administrative personnel request computer center to help them, and the approach of course election is going to be replaced by the computer network gradually. But most training school is changing their education system to college style, the course election flexibility is changing and there are many education systems to coexist in schools, so the practice of course election faces some problems. With these background factors, we hope to take network-like course election as the prerequisite, and explore the possible causes of course election problems and design a satisfying course election system. By the evaluation of the practice of the new system, we address the conclusions and suggestions as the future research directions. At first, with the problem of course election fairness, we discuss the mode of First-Come-First-Served and the mode of Wishes-Distribution in our study; with the problem of system performance, we explain the reason to adopt the multi-tier architecture and explain the importance of resource pooling mechanism. Then, in the phase of system analysis and design, we explain the process of choosing system development methodology. Next we proceed the problem definition and goal definition, and the feasibility study fallowing. Finally we represent the critical data structure definition by Warnier-Orr Diagram, and represent the data model by Entity-Relationship Diagram, and represent system functions by Hierarchy Diagram. Besides we discussed the phase of system analysis and design above, we discuss the phase of system development and implementation. In this phase, we explain the system architecture, show the discussed affairs of a coordination committee, and show the problems of the wishes distribution fairness and data output. Then, by the evaluation, we get the effects of fairness complains decreasing, problem-handling quality raising, and find the problem of relative course arrangement, network management force, system test, process establishment, information security. At last, by the results of practice, we address the conclusions with network performance, program’s inner configuration, the mode of course election, information personnel, and address the suggestions of automation enhancing, system integration, wishes distribution algorithm improving. |
