| 摘要: | 在公路建設上，為跨越河川、山谷等障礙物，橋梁便成為路網構成不可或缺的元素之一。依據交通部橋梁維護管理單位的普查與統計資料，目前全國橋梁橋齡多數已超過20年以上，隨著老舊橋梁之數目逐漸增多，政府勢必逐年增加橋梁的維護費用，因此必須賴以宏觀的生命週期角度來審視整體橋梁的保固維修，並制定適當之檢查維修機制，以減少公共工程經費之支出。 而橋梁的生命週期從規劃、設計、施工、到維護，每個階段都是必要的考量因素，而建立生命週期導向橋梁管理系統即可整合規劃、設計、施工、維護各階段所需面臨之管理資訊。但是生命週期各階段未經過濾的龐雜資料對一個急需瞭解目前情形的管理人員為相當沈重的負擔，甚至連專家也容易發生判斷上的錯誤。就另一方面而言，單一性的檢測表格與權重分數資訊，卻也使得管理人員不知其代表的真正含意。 本研究嘗試利用針對橋梁生命週期相關資料設計完成之安全性、耐久性二指標，以及生命週期成本分析，建立一套合理之評估建議準則，用以輔助橋梁管理者於生命週期各階段可以對每一座橋梁進行評估，並擬定適當的橋梁管理策略，以此方式期望可以解決橋梁在生命週期分析時的資料繁雜不易處理。此外，並初步設計一個除了指標評估外，亦能針對生命週期各階段、各評分不同範圍提供狀態說明與專家建議資訊給予管理者之評估系統，而此系統亦可提供使用者以生命週期成本為考量做較佳方案的選擇。 There are more than 23,000 bridges in Taiwan. According to the statistical information from the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, most of the bridges are between 20 to 40 years of age. To achieve effective management functions, an evaluation scheme is needed for examining conditions of the bridges. However, since performance of a bridge is significantly influenced by decisions made in its planning, design, construction, and maintenance phases; the evaluation scheme should be extended to cover all the life-cycle phases of the bridge. This research aims at establishing a bridge evaluation scheme that comprises of a Safety index, a Durability index, and an analysis of life-cycle cost for a bridge. The evaluation scheme is structured to cover the planning, design, construction, and maintenance phases of a bridge. For the Safety and Durability indices, a scale between 0 and 100 can be calculated based on the input data of the bridge at each of the four phases. For the life-cycle cost analysis, the life-cycle costs can be obtained for various alternatives at the planning phase, and the bridge’s life-cycle costs can also be calculated at the later phases. Based on the established scheme, an automated life-cycle based bridge evaluation system (LCBBES) is developed in this research. LCBBES is able to provide suggestions, obtained from interviewed bridge experts, for the bridge that are rated low in their Safety and Durability indices. LCBBES also allows a user to select a better option among alternatives based on estimated life-cycle costs. LCBBES is planned to be field tested in the near future at agencies which are responsible for performing bridge management functions. |
