最有利標評選辦法第二條規定，機關辦理採購，採最有利標決標者，應於招標前確認其標的屬異質之工程、財物或勞務，不宜以政府採購法第五十二條第一項第一款或第二款之最低標決標方式辦理。然而，各界對於異質之定義卻有不同的認定，為免生爭議，機關辦理工程採購，多採最低標決標而避免使用最有利標決標。在資訊不對稱情況下，僅以價格進行競爭，可能造成低價搶標情形惡化，機關表面上雖以最低價進行採購，實質上卻因採購品質低落衍生出更高之成本。故本研究以經濟學中同、異質與市場結構觀點與營造產業特性進行歸納整理，並透過問卷及專家訪談分析探討營造業所提供服務之異質特性，期能提供採購人員判斷之依據，慎選決標方式，讓工程在合理的決標體制下進行，如期如質完成。 According to Article 2 of the Regulations for Evaluation of the Most Advantageous Tender, if the award of a tender is to be determined on the most advantageous bid mechanism, it is a pre-requisite to confirm the nature of the object of procurement to be “heterogeneous” and is inadequate to award using the lowest bid mechanism. But, the definition of “heterogeneous” is very often a subject of discussion and dispute. To avoid the dispute, many entities choose to adopt the lowest tender to stay away from any risk which might be brought about by the most advantageous tender. Under information asymmetry, an entity uses price competition associated with the lowest bid may cause the aggravation of the bidders of public works snatch the bid award at very low price situation. Although an entity may seemingly conduct procurement on the lowest tender, the substance of poor quality of purchase would eventually bring high cost. As a result, in this research, according to a in-depth discussion on the definition of “homogeneous” and “heterogeneous” and the market structure of the construction industry, it is possible to conclude the nature of built facility is heterogeneous. Via expert interviewing, questionnaire surveying it is further confirmed the heterogeneity of service provided in construction industry. Hopefully, this study will help the decision maker on determining the proper award mechanism and to make the work finished on schedule with satisfactory quality.
