營造業職災居各行業之冠，規範勞安的相關法規甚多，本研究針對露天開挖相關安全衛生設施標準為例加以深入探討。透過文獻蒐集及專家訪談等方式，首先掌握現階段露天開挖作業中，常發生災害的種類、型態與其潛在的危害因子，並以宏觀的思維，全面分析與訪談事業單位，在執行安全管理各階段中所生窒礙難行之處。此外，更進一步探討露天開挖於現場較常違反標準之情事，同時並將違反標準之例外情事加以類型化分析；藉由類型化分析，探討標準是否對於現場之情形定義模糊、標準之間是否相互衝突或是否有限制過當等情形。再者則針對該標準之規定，導致實務界對於管理目標之影響；期初探討該標準之立法原意，預備達到的目標、各種可以達到該目標的手段與成本、工期分析，最後選擇最合理的手段，利用多準則評估與BORDA’S FUNTION分析法加以驗證各方案之可行性，以作為後續階段法規妥適性修訂建議之先前作業，期望利用科學的方法，更客觀且合理的研擬法規之修訂建議。最後則整合上述之探討，進而提出現行標準之修正建議，期望該標準能夠更有效且務實的預防職業災害進而確保勞工安全。 The construction-related injuries and fatalities have the highest occurrence rate among industries. Many laws and regulations were set to curb these occupational injuries and fatalities. This study focuses on the specifications of safety and hygiene facilities, situations of inappropriate specifications and evaluations of safety management alternatives for open-cutting construction. In the first, this work identified the categories, types and potential factories of injuries and fatalities in open-cutting operations by literatures review and expert interviews. Secondly, this work analyzed the difficulties of performing safety control in each open-cutting phases by interviewing construction agencies. Thirdly, it further probed into the events which often violate the specifications of safety and hygiene facilities in open-cutting construction sites. Then, these analyses provided the understanding of vagueness, conflict and inappropriate limitation of specifications of safety facilities for open-cutting construction sites. Finally, this work suggested the alternatives to properly deal with exceptional situations in safety facilities of open-cutting construction. The multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approach and Borda’s Function method were applied to examine the feasibility of these alternatives in open-cutting construction sites. The merit of this work is to provide a stepping stone for revising current specifications of safety and hygiene in open-cutting construction.
