| 摘要: | 在諸多公共工程爭議中，逾期完工之案件佔有相當之比例。因公共工程金額龐大，該類案件之逾期罰款動輒數千萬至數億元，除對廠商權益影響甚大外，對工程主辦機關而言，亦是工程是否順利完工結案之關鍵之一。 近年來公共工程發生爭議之後，公部門在調解及仲裁部份履履皆以敗訴結案，賠償金額又常遠高出公部門所預期，除造成公部門業務承辦人員執行契約上之重大負擔外，更擔心承受敗訴後之考核及懲處，故承辦人員多傾向以訴訟方式解決爭議。而國內工程爭議之判決在各地方法院已達至相當之數量，如能將其判決內容彙整分析，整理出工程逾期罰款在法院判決之習慣比例，則工程相關人員在制定或執行契約時較能提出相關之依據，進而順利執行契約而完成工程。 本研究搜集過去七年，臺灣地區二十個地方法院有關公共工程逾期罰款之判決共73件。在建立此爭議類型之案例資料庫後，針對爭議之發生原因、工程規模、工程種類、工期計算等特性進行探討，並進行專家訪談以確定描述判決案例之因素，進而分析此諸特性與逾期罰款間之比例關係，歸納分析出公共工程逾期罰款在法院判決之態樣，最後建立一案例式推理輔助系統，以提供相關人員之參考。 Liquidated damages are not rare cases in construction disputes, especially for public construction projects. Since these projects are relatively large in scope, their liquidated damages are always in huge amount of monetary values. Thus, liquidated damages have become an important issue if the project is not completed within the contractual period. Recent public construction disputes, resolved by mediation or arbitration, were found to be very disappointed to the public agencies responsible for the project. The huge amount of compensations paid to the contractors put even more pressures to the personnel who were in charge of the projects. As a consequence, litigation has become a popular means to resolve any construction dispute that may occur. For the issue of liquidated damage, there are many cases, sentenced by district courts, electronically available from Internet. A frequent used ratio, i.e., liquidated damages to project size, determined by the judges would provide help in making decisions to the personnel who are dealing with this issue. This research collects 73 cases that involved liquidated damages from twenty district courts in Taiwan for the past seven years. A case base was established by storing various fields, such as causes of disputes, project sizes, project duration, types of projects, amount of damages, etc.; for each litigation case. A statistic analysis was then performed against the case base to investigate the relationships between the amount of damages/ratios and those fields. Finally, a prototype system using Case-Based Reasoning technology is implemented to retrieve similar litigation cases for a particular case. Reasoning results form the similar cases is able to provide assistance in decision-making to the personnel who are involved in such cases. |
