目前橋梁養護單位皆以開口契約或專案發包兩種方式，進行橋梁的修復及補強。各養護單位編列維修預算或發包時，通常沿用各養護單位的舊習，僅採一式或數個主要工程項目編列，多半無法像一般營建工程以工程詳細表中列出詳細之工程項目。其主要之原因在於目前之工料分析手冊中，並未針對橋梁之維修編列完整之工法或工程項目，導致承辦人員無可依循之標準所致。又因橋梁破壞模式甚多，各橋梁亦可能因不同之狀況而適用不同之維修工法，故以目前方式所編列之維修經費或發包金額，其合理性實值得商榷。此外，橋梁維修之費用亦受到許多外在因素之影響，例如：交通狀況、材料運送的距離、橋墩高度、夜間施工等。因此，對於較無經驗之承辦人員而言，如何編列適當之橋梁維護經費為一極大之挑戰。 本研究首先收集整理實際橋梁維修之合約，以瞭解其中之工程項目與其相關之工程費用，並經由相關文獻之探討，整理出標準維修工法與工程項目之雛形架構。本研究進而訪談維護管理單位、顧問公司、承攬廠商等具橋梁維修相關經驗之專家，以達成下列之成果：(1)歸納橋梁構件可能之劣化類型，(2)針對各構件劣化之類型整理可採行之維修工法，(3)針對各種維修工法訂定標準工程項目，以及(4)探討可能影響維修工法費用之因素。本研究之成果，將可供橋梁養護單位於編列橋梁維修預算時之參考，亦可提升橋梁管理維護新進人員之專業程度。 Currently maintenance of bridges is performed by either quantity-undetermined open contracts or specific project contracts. However, breakdowns of maintenance activities into labor, equipment, and material costs are still unavailable which results in difficulties for the personnel who are responsible for bridge maintenance when performing budgeting. Thus, maintenance activities are simplified into a few bid items in these two types of contracts during tendering process due to lacking of a set of standardized maintenance methods and their related activities. In addition, since there are many possible maintenance methods for various types of deteriorations, validity of the tendering results need to be verified. There are also several factors need to be considered that affect bridge maintenance costs such as traffic conditions, distance for material transportation, height of piers, and maintenance at nights, etc. It is a big challenge to the inexperienced engineers who are in charge of budgeting of bridge maintenance work. In this research, many bridge maintenance contracts were firstly collected. Literature reviews and expert interviews were also conducted to clarify the current practice of bridge maintenance work. Results of this research are concluded as follows: (1) categorizing all possible types of deterioration for bridge components, (2) indentifying feasible maintenance methods for each type of deterioration, (3) standardizing maintenance activities for each of the maintenance method, and (4) exploring possible cost influence factors for each of the maintenance activity. These research results not only can serves as useful references to the personnel in bridge maintenance agencies in budgeting of bridge maintenance work, but also can provide valuable know-how to inexperienced bridge engineers.
