| 摘要: | 隨著全球人口的增加及產業的快速進步，對能源的需求與日俱增。利用有機廢棄物如牛糞、農業廢棄物和下水污泥經由厭氧暗發酵程序，可從中獲得生質能源，例如生質氣體。為提高厭氧程序中生質氣體的產率，可提供其酵槽發酵物質與污泥共發酵。本研究探討利用單一及混合人工基質探討有機廢棄物經由厭氧發酵程序之能源特性。 預備實驗中以牛糞及都市下水道污泥等有機廢棄物，實施高溫厭氧暗發酵程序，應用田口實驗設計法篩選最大發酵影響因子；再深入探討於相同發酵條件下，人工基質葡萄醣、酪蛋白、亞麻油酸與牛奶厭氧代謝分解產出氫氣與甲烷情形。本研究人工基質高溫厭氧暗發酵中，氫轉換率分別為葡萄糖3%、酪蛋白0.1%、亞麻油酸0.4%及牛奶0.9%；甲烷轉換率則為酪蛋白2%、亞麻油酸0.7%及牛奶24%。高負荷亞麻油酸會抑制甲烷產出率。本研究所得之結果，可提供有機廢棄物經厭氧發酵之回收生質能研究做參考。 The increasing concern over the energy resource depletion, pollution and global warming has prompted the interest in renewable bioenergy. The anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes, such as cattle slurry, agricultural wastes, and wastewater treatment sludge, has been well practiced. Co-digestion could become an attractive alternative to traditional single-substrate based digestion for the production of biogas. To explore the digestion characteristics of organic-wastes-to-energy, this study investigated the digestion of single substrate (i.e., sugar, protein, and lipids, respectively), and a mixed substrate (i.e., milk). In the preliminary work, the process-governing factors (i.e., fermentation temperature, substrate concentration, initial pH values, and concentrations of NH4Cl, KH2PO4, and NaCl) were screened by experiments with an experimental factorial design of Taguchi method, using sewage treatment sludge as starting substrates and cow dung as inoculum. Based on the results of the preliminary work, the fermentation characteristics for hydrogen and methane production was investigated using glucose, casein, linoleic acids, and milk as substrate, respectively. The results indicate that, in hydrogen production, the conversion rate for hydrogen (i.e., milligram hydrogen per gram of substrate) was found to be approximately 3% for glucose substrate, 0.1% for casein, 0.4% for linoleic acids, and 0.9% for mixed substrate, milk. On the other hand, in methane production, the conversion rate for methane (i.e., milligram methane per gram of substrate) was found to be approximately 2% for casein, 0.7% for linoleic acids, and 24% for milk. In the case of linoleic acids substrate, it appeared that the methane production had undergone inhibition by the substrate itself at higher concentration. The results of this study may be of interest to researchers attempting to recovery bioenergy by anaerobic fermentation from mixed organic wastes. |
