| 摘要: | 臺灣由於經濟成長，都市建設蓬勃發展，所隨之而來的是工程所產生的廢棄物，根據營建署2009年的研究成果，國內產生之建築廢棄物數量每年約有1,000萬公噸，為消耗數量龐大的營建廢棄物，必然需要許多的掩埋空間，也夾帶著廠商鋌而走險、隨意傾倒的風險，但因建築廢棄物多為安定物質，相關政府單位近年來亦推動多項計畫以促使建築廢棄資源之再利用。過往建築減廢推廣重點在於新建與拆除工地現場產出之廢棄物，廢棄物經由工地廢棄物現地分類、中間處理，及後端產品製作與再使用，使資源循環再利用，達到廢棄物減量之效果。倘若回歸設計階段，在設計源頭即注意施工、維護、拆除等各階段可能產生之廢棄物，在建築物設計階段納入減廢考量，例如儘量採用模組化構件，除減少施工過程廢棄物產生外，亦可增加拆除後廢棄物再利用性，進而達成減少廢棄物產出。因此本研究彙整各國相關之減廢設計原則、手法與實際執行之指標，包含再生建材之使用、模組化設計、減少材料使用等，共5大原則18項手法43項作為，並依據臺灣之環境與建築設計手法之實用性，透過專家訪談與問卷之方式，確立臺灣環境特性且專家共識有減廢效益之設計原則與手法，讓建築設計者在做建築設計時能有所依循。 There are about 10 million tones of construction waste in Taiwan every year, and a lot of landfill space is needed. Because dealing with a huge amount of construction waste costs lots of money, contractors choose to dump waste arbitrarily in order to reduce cost. Most of the construction waste material is actually stable, therefore, government agencies advocate the reuse of construction waste in recent years. In the past few years, government agencies focused on the waste produced by newly construction and demolition sites, hoping resource recycling can reduce waste. But if we put more attention to the waste which could be produced by construction, maintenance, demolition and other phases while designing, we could not only reduce waste, but also recycle more of the waste. In this study, we collected the related waste reduction design principles, techniques and practical implementation of the indicators included the use of recycled building materials, materials using reduction, from different countries, for a total amount of five principles, 18 methods and 43 specific practices. According to the environment of Taiwan and architectural design methods, using expert interviews and questionnaire to establish a useful design principles and methods for construction waste reduction. |
