| 摘要: | 王稼祥於1925年被中共派往莫斯科留學，在校內的派系鬥爭中，王稼祥選擇支持王明所控制的支部局，成為以王明為核心的所謂「教條宗派」，被歸類為二十八個半布爾什維克人馬之一。1930年歸國後，王稼祥與王明、秦邦憲、何子述在米夫的支持下，積極進行反立三路線，藉此順利進入中共中央領導機構。1931年，中華蘇維埃共和國臨時中央政府成立，王稼祥擔任中革軍委並任總政治部主任，由於軍事指揮上的需要，與毛澤東接觸頻繁，轉為支持具豐富作戰經驗的毛澤東。1933年，王稼祥遭到國軍飛機掃射，身負重傷。1934年，中共第五次反圍剿失利後，被迫撤出中央蘇區向西突圍，在長征途中，毛澤東在王稼祥及張聞天的支持下，透過遵義會議的召開打垮了中共領導人秦邦憲，並排擠周恩來。1937年，王稼祥擔任毛澤東的密使前往蘇聯，開展中共與莫斯科的關係。1938年，王稼祥自蘇聯帶回了支持毛澤東擔任中共領導人的季米特洛夫「口信」，直接衝擊了王明在黨內的地位，也引起中共核心層權力組織的重整。為徹底打擊留蘇幹部的勢力，鞏固自己在黨內至高無上的地位，毛澤東發動延安整風運動，整風初期的王稼祥為整風運動的打手之一，然而隨著整風運動的深入，留蘇的背景讓王稼祥背負「教條宗派」的原罪，最後終究難逃被整的命運。 Wang Jiaxiang was sent to Moscow in 1925 by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP ) for further study. In the factional strife on campus, Wang choose to support the branch of the Communist Youth League controlled by Wang Ming, which became the dogmatic faction with Wang Ming at the core. Wang Jiaxiang was classified as one of the Twenty-eight and a half Bolsheviks. After returning to China in 1930, with the support of Pavel Mife, Wang Jiaxiang along with Wang Ming, Qin Bangxian and Ho Zihsu actively carried out Anti-Li Lisan Line , in order to enter the central leading organization of CCP without a hitch. In 1931, the temporary Central Government of Chinese Soviet Republic was established. Wang Jiaxiang held the posts of both the Revolutionary Military Council and the director of the General Political Department. Due to the need of military commands, he was in close contact with Mao Zedong and turned to support Mao who had abundant battle experience. In 1933, Wang Jiaxiang was strafed by the air force of the Kuomintang (KMT) Army and was severely injured. In 1934, after the failure of Anti-the KMT Fifth Campaign, he was forced to withdraw from central Chinese Soviet areas and to break a siege westward. In the long march, Mao, with the support of Wang Jiaxiang and Zhang Wentian, crushed the CCP leader Qin Bangxian and squeezed out Zhou Enlai by holding Zunyi Meeting. In 1937, Wang Jiaxiang went to the Soviet Union as Mao’s emissary, unfolding the connection between the CCP and Moscow. In 1938, Wang brought back from the Soviet Union Dimitrov’s verbal message to support Mao to be the CCP leader , which directly impacted the intra-party position of Wang Ming, and induced the re-organization of CCP’s central powers. To completely defeat the influence of the staff who had further studied in the Soviet Union, and to secure his supreme party position, Mao embarked Yanan Rectification Campaign. In the beginning, Wang Jiaxiang was one of the button men in this Campaign. However, as it went deeper, Wang, having had sinned of dogmatism resulting from his studying in the Soviet Union, was unable to escape from his destiny of being purged in the end. |
