| 摘要: | 本研究析探客籍企業家興業精神之內涵，從產業面上「事物」的研究變成經營者「人」的研究。透過文獻檢閱，根據所蒐集到的興業精神相關研究，彙整出興業精神具有的六項特徵，並運用深度訪談的方式，分別訪談的八位客籍企業家、三位學者專家、四位企業家相關幕僚人員。 研究結果包括：（1）創新精神：客籍企業家偏向重視思維、技術、服務三方面的創新型態，創新想法源自進修學習、經驗累積、以及到世界各國的閱覽；（2）冒險精神：八位客籍企業家多處在營運風險與環境變化風險之上，對於風險的態度勇於冒險的，企業家經過風險評估後再行風險的處理；（3）主動預應：企業家重視目標的管理與企業的規劃，將事業體的觸角伸向海外發展，就是嗅到了海外市場的無限可能，也有鑑於臺灣島內發展的侷限性；（4）資源取用：企業家普遍重視員工的照顧與訓練、創業資金的取得也逐漸多元化，擺脫過去不善與銀行貸款的情況、原物料的運用與資訊取得的多元，活用對自身有譯的情報與資源；（5）資產累積：客家人重視誠信的原則，有利客籍企業家商譽、信譽的累積；客家人用人保守也漸漸受到資本主義的洗禮，對於人才的聘用講求適材適用，逐漸擺脫過去晉用自己人的想法；（6）社會網絡：對於客籍企業家來說，個人的關係網絡包括企業家的合夥人、供應商、顧客、銀行家、家庭以及朋友等等，在這些人身上，客籍企業家曾享受過他們提供的各種服務，包括具體的貨品、建議、資訊，以及精神上的支持等。 This study explores the entrepreneurship of Hakka entrepreneurs. It started from the study of the “events” in the industry and ended with the people who operate the business. Through the review of literatures and the collected entrepreneurship related studies, ultimately six features of entrepreneurship were summarized. In the process of the study, the in-depth interview method was adopted to separately interview eight Hakka entrepreneurs, three academic experts, and four entrepreneur related staffs. The result of the study included: (1) The spirit of innovation: Hakka entrepreneurs emphasized more on three innovative modes including thoughts, technologies and services. The innovative ideas are originated from further study and learning, the accumulation of experiences and the visiting to various countries around the world. (2)The spirit of adventure: eight Hakka entrepreneurs mostly ran the businesses under the risks of operation and environmental variations. They were willing to take risks by assessing the risks first and then managing them. (3)Taking initiatives to respond in advance: Entrepreneurs put more effort on objective management and business planning. They extend the business development to overseas after sensing the unlimited possibilities in foreign markets and the constraints of the development in Taiwan; (4) Resources capturing: Entrepreneurs generally pay attentions to take care and train employees, the sources of raising capital for starting business is gradually diversified as well. They had broken away from the impression where they were not good at getting loans from banks. They are able to attain diversified raw material and information, and flexibly use the intelligences and resources that are in their benefit; (5)Assets accumulation: Hakka people value much about the principle of honesty and trust, it is an advantage in accumulating business reputation and credits. The traditional Hakka conservative attitude in hiring employees has been gradually transformed by Capitalism. They started to hire appropriate talents for the right positions, not just hiring people from the same ethnical group anymore. (6) Social network: For Hakka entrepreneurs, interpersonal network includes the partners, suppliers, customers, bankers, family members and friends of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs used to enjoy the services provided by these people, including tangible goods, recommendations, information, and spiritual support. |
