| 摘要: | 臺灣歷經四百多年的歷史演變，在經濟發展與民主化的過程中，造就了多元的社會文化，也成了族群融合的舞台。客家族群在臺灣的歷史舞台，和其他族群一樣，努力為臺灣寶島的繁榮進步貢獻心力。非營利組織在二十世紀末蓬勃發展，為人類社會的進步增加動力，客家族群在臺灣的非營利組織領域，更有不容忽視的貢獻。本研究以「東勢義渡社會福利基金會」作為個案探討的對象，探究其與地方的互動關係，及其對地方的影響。採用質性研究方法，經由文獻分析、深度訪談及參與觀察等，理解東勢義渡基金會之緣起，分析其變遷與轉型。並將焦點置於此一客家非營利組織，在發展過程如何與地方互動。並以溝通接觸與資源依賴兩個面向，援用Kuhnle與Selle的四個互動類型，分析東勢義渡基金會初創、日據到轉型與地方之互動，發現其關係從「整合依賴」、「整合自主」到今日之「分離自主」。另外，就社會資本中網絡、信任與規範三個主要概念，檢測東勢義渡基金會與地方的互動關係，理解東勢義渡基金會，初創時期從地方及地方政府獲取資源，創設之後則扮演回饋社會之角色，再製社會資本。「東勢義渡基金會」具有濃厚之客家特質，是社會資本也是文化資本，它不但照亮客家，也為臺灣的非營利組織領域增添風采。 Taiwan, with its 400-year historical evolution in the process of economic development and democratization, has formed its distinctive culture and diverse communities in the society. Hakka community, like other communities, plays an important role in facilitating Taiwan’s progress and prosperity throughout the history. The prosperous development of non-profit organizations in the end of Twentieth century has increased the driving force for the improvement of human society. Hakka community, as one of the key contributors in Taiwan, also has its contribution that cannot be neglected in the area of non-profit organization. This research uses ‘Dongshih Yi Du Social Welfare Foundation’ as the case study to investigate the interaction between the foundation and the local, and also to discuss its impact on the local. By using literature review, in-depth interviews, participant observation, etc., a qualitative research is employed to enhance the understanding of the formation of ‘Dongshih Yi Du Social Welfare Foundation’ and to analyze the foundation’s evolvement and transformation. Accordingly, the focus of this research is placed on this Hakka non-profit organization, and how it interacts with the local in its development process. Combining the two dimensions, i.e. communication contacts and resource dependence, Kuhnle and Selle’s four variances of interactions are adopted to examine how ‘Dongshih Yi Du Social Welfare Foundation’ interacts with local in three different phases: the foundation’s initial phase, the phase of Japanese reign and the foundation’s transformation phase. The result has shown that relational linkage between ‘Yi Du Social Welfare Foundation’ and the local has evolved from ‘integrated dependence’ and ‘integrated autonomy’ to ‘separate autonomy.’ In addition, in terms of the three principal concepts of social capital: networks, trusts and norms, this study explores the interaction between the local and ‘Dongshih Yi Du Social Welfare Foundation’. This is to understand how the foundation gained its resource from the local and local government at the time when it was launched and how the foundation rewards the society after its establishment and then recreates social capital. ‘Dongshih Yi Du Social Welfare Foundation,’ with its distinctive feature of Hakka culture, can be understood as social capital as well as cultural capital. The foundation not only embodies the Hakka community, but also illuminates the field of non-profit organizations in Taiwan. |
