| 摘要: | 台灣政治發展「地方派系」是很普遍的現象，且長期以來操縱著地方政權，並在各種類型的選舉中扮演舉足輕重的角色，因此，要了解地方政治就必須先要了解地方派系。研究地方派系政治的學術論文相當多，大多是以縣為主要研究對象，鄉鎮層級是地方自治最小單位，針對鄉鎮地區地方政治研究甚少，更遑論是客家地區做深入探析者，本研究欲探討苗栗縣頭份鎮地方派系、社團、族群、政黨在選舉的過程中，對地方政治的衝擊與相互間的影響。主要研究採用質性研究法，以深度訪談作為研究的主體。而以往僅用派系的角度來探討，本研究試圖加入社團、族群、政黨等影響選舉的因素，來瞭解因素間對地方選舉結果的影響。從研究中了解派系在選舉競爭時，如何經營、動員地方樁角與社團，並以「恩庇—侍從關係」理論來解釋地方派系的形成，試圖從地方派系和社團關係網絡的角度，來瞭解是否對地方政治產生影響，並對於地方派系、社團的運作、活動場域作初步分析，藉由探討2005年、2007年頭份鎮長選舉分析地方派系、社團網絡、族群、政黨互相間的關係對地方政治的影響，從研究發現兩次的選舉決定選舉勝負的因素中，社團動員所佔角色大幅提升，並以本研究的結論及發現，對於未來頭份鎮地方政治的發展提出建議和方向。 Local faction in Taiwan plays a critical role in various types of elections. It has long controlled local governments, and is a common place occurrence in Taiwan. Therefore, understanding local faction is a prerequisite in understanding local politics. There are plenty of journal articles and dissertations on local faction politics on the level of “county.” However, as the most basic unit of local government, townships and villages receive the least attention when it comes to research on local politics. More so, in depth research and analysis of local politics in Hakka area is even scarcer. Consequently, this research aims to discuss the impact of local faction, organizations, ethnic groups and political parties on local politics, as well as the effects they have on one another. This research will adapt qualitative analysis, with in depth interview as the core. While past researches include only the perspective of local factions, this study will include other election-effecting factors, which include organizations, ethnic groups, and political parties, in order to understand how these factors would affect the outcome of an election, as well as the effects they have on one another. The study discovers the method to cultivate and mobilize local factions and organizations during the election process. It also explains the formation of local factions using “Patron-client” theory. This study shall, from the perspective of local factions and organization networks, attempt to understand whether they have an in facto effect on local politics. Furthermore, this study will also conduct preliminary analysis on local factions, operation of organizations, and scope of activity. Through analyzing the effects that the local factions, organization networks, ethnic groups, and political parties have on local politics as well as the effects they have on one another during Toufen Township mayoral election in 2005 and 2007, this study discovers that organization mobilization plays an increasingly critical role in deciding the outcome of the election in each of the two elections. Finally, based on the research findings and conclusion, this study will offer suggestions and directions on future developments of local politics in Toufen Township. |
