客家電視台溝通模式之研究：以哈伯馬斯公共溝通的觀點; A Study on the Communication Mode of Hakka TV - From the Viewpoint of Public Communication of Habermas

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题名:	客家電視台溝通模式之研究：以哈伯馬斯公共溝通的觀點;A Study on the Communication Mode of Hakka TV - From the Viewpoint of Public Communication of Habermas
作者:	張興傑;Hsing-chieh Chang
贡献者:	客家政治經濟與政策研究所在職碩士專班
关键词:	客家族群;哈伯馬斯;媒體近用權;客家電視台;族群電視;Group TV;Hakka Ethnic Group;Habermas;The right of access to the media;Hakka TV
日期:	2009-06-26
上传时间:	2009-09-22 10:04:23 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學圖書館
摘要:	客家電視台溝通模式之研究：以哈伯馬斯公共溝通的觀點摘要客家電視台是台灣第一個因應特定族群而成立的無線電視頻道，這也是客家族群自從1988年發動「還我母語」運動之後，獲得來自執政當局的正面回應，客家人終於能夠直接近用媒體，以客家族群的觀點企劃、製播電視節目內容，並且賦予它傳承客家語言、客家文化的重要使命，不過，藉由客家電視成立的宗旨；「客家電視台秉持關懷客家族群及公眾媒體近用之權益，並增進認識、瞭解客家語言與文化內涵，促進族群交流與和諧，建構多元文化社會公民之精神。」也可以發現，客家電視並非是一個封閉性的頻道，反而一個對內凝聚共識、對外促進交流的公共平台。而這樣的一個平台如何和民眾進行溝通？和時下一般的商業電視台有甚麼不一樣的地方？本研究採用Habermas對於公共領域的論述，在公共溝通過程中必須具備「理想的言談情境」以及「理性溝通模式」等兩個大構面，對應到「節目類型」以及「節目錄製過程」等兩個層次，分別以「自由發言」、「平等互動」、「公共事務」、「具批判性」以及「可理解性聲稱」、「真理性聲稱」、「真誠性聲稱」、「正當性聲稱」等八項不同的指標進行檢驗，發現客家電視台的「村民大會」節目符合八項指標，具備了理性溝通的特質，呈現出理想的言談情境，而經過理論與節目錄影播出實際狀況綜合分析後得出：一、客家電視台公共溝通節目比例偏低；二、「村民大會」理性溝通呈現理想的言談情境；三、族群成為近用媒體的敲門磚；四、台灣媒體生態存有公共領域的空間；五、單向載具限制對話空間等五項結論。 A Study on the Communication Mode of Hakka TV - From the Viewpoint of Public Communication of Habermas Abstract Hakka TV is the first terrestrial TV channel established specifically for a designated group. This was also the first positive response from the authority since the Hakka people called the activity of “The Return of Mother Language” into action in 1988. The Hakka people can finally make use of the media closely to plan, produce and broadcast the television programs from the point of views of Hakka families; at the same time, Hakka TV is also endowed with the significant mission in the transmission of Hakka language as well as Hakka culture. Nevertheless, through the mission statement of Hakka TV: “Based on the care in the Hakka ethnic group and the public access to the media, Hakka TV should contribute to learning and understanding Hakka language and cultural connotation, encourage the interflow and harmony among different ethnic groups, and construct the spirits of citizens in the multi-culture society.”, it can also be realized that Hakka TV is not a closed channel; instead, it is a public platform to agglomerate common consensus internally and to push ahead the communication externally. How can such a platform communicate with the public? What are the differences from those general business TV channels for the time beings? This research applied the communication theory of Habermas toward the public sphere. In the process of public communication, there must be two major aspects of "ideal speech situation" and “rational communication mode” corresponding to two gradations of “program types” and “process of program production”. Eight indexes of “free speech”, “equal interaction”, “public affairs”, “critiqueness”, “comprehensibility claim”, “truth claim”, “truthfulness claim”, and “rightness claim” were adopted for examination. As a result, the program “Village Conference” in Hakka TV tallied with the eight claims and was quipped with the characteristics of rational communication so as to present the ideal speech situation. Based on the implications from the comprehensive analysis of the theories and the actual situation of TV programs televised, the conclusion was summarized into five following points. First of all, the ratio of public-communication programs in Hakka TV is relatively small. Second, the rational communication of the program “Village Conference” in Hakka TV exhibited the ideal speech situation. Third, the ethnic groups become the stepping stones for the access to the media. Fourth, there exists space for the public sphere in the dynamics of the media in Taiwan. Fifth, the one-way devices restrain the conversation.
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