在民主不斷深化的過程中，族群議題一直是伴隨臺灣走向民主化的重要表徵。而為能實踐社會中多元群體的價值與利益，國家設置了族群型代表性行政機關以制訂並執行相關政策。然其概念背景源自於西方國家「代表性文官理論」，主要的議題除了探討機關組織當中的消極代表性比例以外，更著重於觀察可能影響文官發揮積極作為的影響因素。 本研究依此作為理論基礎，選擇我國地方客家事務行政機關為研究對象，先透過代表性文官理論的梳理，歸納出可能影響文官角色認知與行為之因素；進而設計研究問卷與訪談題綱，探討我國地方客家事務行政機關文官角色的接受程度為何？以及與哪些因素有關聯？影響其角色認知與行為的因素又有哪些呢？ 研究結果發現：（一）研究樣本中的文官角色接受程度，代表性文官占65.5%（55位），非代表性文官有34.5%（29位）。（二）代表性文官角色與生命經歷和社會化歷程有高度相關；非代表性文官則是與角色期待因素有較高的關聯性。（三）影響文官角色認知與行為的主要因素計有：「生命經歷」因素為客語聽說能力。「社會化歷程」因素為參與客家文化相關學術研習的經驗，以及教育程度。「機關組織」因素則為職務性質、工作經驗、對於客家文化基礎認知及工作態度。「角色期待」因素為機關主管以及客家族群或社團對於職務的期待，尤是對客語能力的期待。「外部環境」因素為當地社團及學校的協助參與程度以及縣市議員的政治力影響。 Ethnicity is one of the most important characteristics in the process of deepening democracy in Taiwan. In order to safeguard the values and interests of the diverse groups in the society, the state set up ethnic representation agency to formulate and implement policies on behalf of minor ethnicities. The idea of ethnic representation agency originates and develops from the theory of “Representative Bureaucracy” it studies not only the passive representativeness in terms of ratio of ethnic bureaucrat in the government, but more importantly, the factors that may contribute to active representativeness. This research based upon the theory of representative bureaucracy, selects various local Hakka affairs agencies as cases. It first reviews representative bureaucracy literature to induct those factors that may influence bureaucratic perception and behavior, and then formulates survey and interview questionnaires to analyze the perception of bureaucratic role (representation/ non-representation). It looks for the factors and the interrelationship among these factors that may affect the role perception and behavior of local Hakka affairs bureaucrats. The research findings are as follows: (1) With regarding to bureaucratic role acceptance, representation is higher than non-representation. 65.5% (55) of the surveyees are representation, 34.5% (29) are non-representation. (2) Representation is highly correlated with life experience and socialization, whereas non-representation is highly related to role expectation. (3) Major factors which affect bureaucratic role perception and behavior are: Hakka language ability participating Hakka cultural related activities educational level nature of position working experience basic understanding of Hakka culture work ethic perceived role expectation, especially Hakka language ability, from superiors, local Hakka communities and groups assistances and participation from local communities and schools political influences of local politicians. Although variance analysis shows that both personal and organization factors influence, organization factors, rather than personal factors, serve as better predictor for bureaucratic role perception and behavior.
