| 摘要: | 加工絲製造業屬傳統型產業，在紡織產業中位在中上游產業鏈，是紡織品的原料端。台灣加工絲產業自1950年代發展至已60餘年，實屬成熟。從早期定針式機械設備到現今超高速雙胞胎摩擦式設備 (德國AFK-TWIN)，產品由尼龍(聚胺)發展至聚酯，從一般產品到科技奈米化產品，在銷售上由國內自銷擴大至外銷，在積極蓬勃發展之後，聚酯加工絲之產業規模，於1987年超越日美，並且成為全球第一大生產國，也是世界第一大輸出國，享有「化纖王國」的美譽。
但隨著國內下游成衣廠、織布廠出走至海外生產，國內印、染整廠的生產及環保成本大增，致使加工絲業者的訂單大量流失。而外銷市場也面臨極大的挑戰，新興國家如中國、印度、印尼、越南等，因政府政策的極力扶植，加工絲業者大量購置新型現代化設備，並且大量製造，挾低人工成本之優勢低價銷售，進入外銷市場，嚴重打擊台灣加工絲業者的外銷競爭力。
近年來我國加工絲業者已改變其經營策略，在生產上專注研發機能、功能性產品，改進製造流程並且加入多元的奈米元素，如遠紅外線保暖、玉石冰涼、聚丙烯酸酯發熱及環保素材等纖維，慢慢的又將市場主導地位取回。不同的是這一次，不是以產量來競爭，而是以功能和品質。
未來我國加工絲產業更將善用既有的產品市場空間轉型，以發展少量多樣化的生產模式，同時投入差異化新產品開發，加強提升對下游消費者的技術與生產服務品質，並積極朝向客製化產品生產方式前進，以鞏固主顧關係和提高消費市場對加工絲業者的依存度，以及提高產業進入障礙與競爭力。
Taiwan’s textured yarn industry is a traditional manufacturing industry, and it is in the upstream of the textile industry value chain. Textured yarn is a rather mature industry since it has been developing for more than 60 years (from 1950s). While pin type equipment is popular in earlier stage, nowadays friction type equipment (AFK-TWIN from Germany) is more common. At the same time, the end products are developed from Nylon to Polyester, from general products to nano products. Further, the sales scale is not only restricted in domestic sales but also export to overseas.
In 1987, Taiwan’s polyester textured industry became the world’s largest industry and Taiwan became the world’s biggest exporter for such products. Thus, Taiwan has the reputation of "Kingdom of Chemical Textile." However, as downstream garment and weaving companies moved to overseas, the printing and dyeing industries have lost huge textured yarn orders.
In terms of export business, Taiwanese suppliers are also facing big challenges. Textured industries in emerging countries, such as China, India, Indonesia, and Vietnam, with their governmental support, have been purchasing the latest equipment for mass production. With their low labor cost, it is easy for them to grab the market shares from Taiwanese suppliers.
Taiwanese textured yarn makers have changed their business strategies in recent years, focusing on research and development in functional products, improving manufacturing process and adding various nano elements, such as far infrared warmth, Jade-ice cool, Polypropylen Thermochemical, and other eco-friendly fibers. These efforts allow Taiwanese textured yarn industry to dominate the market gradually. We believe our competitive advantage is the ability to produce high quality, functional products rather than produce cheap, mass products.
This study shows that in the future, Taiwanese textured yarn makers should make good use of current products for transformation, developing various products with low volumes, focusing on new product development with differentiation, enhancing technology and production quality of service to downstream consumers, customizing products in order to consolidate the relationship with customers, establishing entry barriers for sustainable competitiveness in this industry. |
