在數量彈性合約之下考慮逆向物流的通路協調; Channel coordination of reverse logistic under quantity flexibility contract

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题名:	在數量彈性合約之下考慮逆向物流的通路協調;Channel coordination of reverse logistic under quantity flexibility contract
作者:	楊士驊;Yang,Shih-hua
贡献者:	工業管理研究所
关键词:	通路協調;逆向物流;合約誘因;channel coordination;reverse logistics;coordination contracts
日期:	2013-07-22
上传时间:	2013-08-22 11:37:57 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	由於環保議題逐漸受到重視，許多企業希望研發出能降低生產成本及環境衝擊的產品，並且考量回收再利用設計以期許降低資源的浪費。所以考慮逆向物流之下的供應鏈在最近幾年蓬勃發展。而供應鏈的通路協調之目的為達成整體供應鏈的利潤最大化，使得供應商與零售商雙方的利潤都會比沒有進行通路協調時來的大。而本文使用數量彈性合約來達成供應鏈的通路協調。然而討論考慮逆向物流之下的供應鏈通路協調的文章並不常見。在本文之中，假設情境為一個供應商與一個零售商的單期模型，並假設透過逆向物流回收回來的回收品數量為隨機變數，回收品收回來的機率服從二項分配。本文之物流運作順序為先經由正向物流銷售再經由逆向物流回收。在正向物流方面，供應商生產產品並賣給零售商以賺取利潤；零售商向供應商訂購產品並賣給顧客以賺取利潤。在逆向物流方面，零售商透過幫忙供應商回收以賺取利潤；而供應商透過再製造所節省下來的成本以提升自身利潤，進而使得整體供應鏈利益增加。本文之目的將探討在推式合約之下，首先比較單純正向物流的供應鏈與加入逆向物流的供應鏈之利潤差異，之後再藉由供應鏈之中不同的合作策略來探討供應商與零售商分別在不合作以及合作的情況之下的利潤。由結果可以觀察到，如果供應商與零售商不單只考慮自身利益，而是透過通路協調來合作，則可以達到整體供應鏈的利潤最大化，供應商與零售商也能達成雙贏的局勢。 Because the environmental issues has been taken seriously, many companies begin to consider recycling and remanufacturing to save costs and reduce the waste of resource. Therefore, the supply chain which added reverse logistics was flourished in recent years. Another issue about the supply chain's coordination mechanism has been studied and applied in many researches in the past. The objective is to achieve the whole supply chain's profit maximization such that supplier's and retailer's profit will larger than without channel coordination. In our study, we use the quantity flexibility contract to achieve the supply chain's channel coordination. But there are not many researches discussed the coordination issues by adding the reverse logistics. In our research, we consider two-echelon closed-loop supply chain model between a single supplier and a single retailer in one period. Besides, we consider not only the traditional forward logistics, but also the reverse logistics. In the reverse logistics, retailer is commissioned by supplier to collect the end-of-life products from customers. After remanufacturing, the end-of -life products’ quality will like the new one they have the same retail price in the market. We assume the recycle quantity is a random variable. The probability of recycle quantity follows a Binomial distribution with the sales quantity and the recycle rate ?? . Both forward logistics and reverse logistics can make the supply chain's profit increase. In a push contract, we will discuss the difference between the supply chain which only discuss forward logistics and the supply chain which added reverse logistics. After comparing the supply chain’s difference, we will compare the supplier’s and the retailer’s profit with coordination and not coordination, respectively. We can observe that if the supplier and the retailer not only consider their own profit but cooperation though channel coordination, the whole supply chain's profit will be maximized.
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