| 摘要: | 台灣電子產業西進至大陸生產製造，初期由於大陸地區擁有廉價的勞動力，經過近十幾年大陸地區快速經濟成長率，沿海地區的經濟起飛。現在中國沿海地區的工廠已不再是廉價勞工的市場，取而代之是日益嚴重的缺工問題，許多工廠都面臨招募不到員工的困境，因此紛紛導入自動化的生產設備，以替代原先的廉價勞動力。
各家工廠設備自動化的程度不再像早期半自動的生產設備，取而代之為全自動化的生產設備，從原物料的自動投入、自動設備選料、生產加工、半成品物料排出，更多的設備加入許多資訊系統，自動化的設備進而將產品的產出數、稼動率、良率提升為生產的重點。因此，各家工廠為降低人工數，不斷地投入自動化的生產設備擴充，成本因而提高。
在此動機下，本研究選定以大陸台商電子產業與大陸內資電子產業自動化程度為個案研究對象，依設備所投入的資本金額及降低人工數為主要對比，以提升產能、效率提高及設備的折舊攤提年限與人工成本等關鍵因素進行分析。歸納相關資料討論設備自動化需求下，電子產業對於資本支出的編製及人力成本的考量下做比較分析，由於以往在大陸地區的電子產業對於設備通常選購單機生產模式，配合人工簡易操作進行生產，近年來有重大投資的企業也朝向導入全自動化或高效率的自動化生產設備，作為設備購買的規格要求，以上因素之考量，因採用全自動化生產後，降低人工數、產品質量提昇、產能增加等，超出購買設備時所增加之成本。
研究結果如下：設備的自動化程度提高，有效提昇設備的運轉稼動率、省略人工取放作業提昇設備產能、自動化設備導入後的人員成本降低及效益提升、公司競爭力優勢大廠訂單增加、產品品質良率穩定。這些無形成本的減少，將會被產業接受，開始進行自動化的生產作業工廠。
Taiwan's electronics industry set factories in China. Since there is cheaper labor, after nearly ten years of rapid economic growth in China, the coastal areas of economic grow. Now the coastal factories aren't cheaper labor market, replaced by a growing shortage of workers, many factories are facing difficulty recruiting staff predicament, so have introduced automated production equipment to replace the original cheap labor.
This study selected the mainland Taiwanese electronics industry and the mainland domestic electronics industry automation as a case study, according to equipment invested amount of capital and reduce labor number of major contrast to improve productivity, efficiency and equipment depreciation amortization period and the labor costs and other key factors were analyzed. Summarize relevant information discussed in equipment automation requirements, the electronics industry for the preparation of capital expenditure and manpower cost considerations do comparative analysis, as in the past in the mainland areas of the electronics industry for equipment is usually optional single mode of production, and in conjunction with simple operation of production, in recent years, companies have significant investments toward full automation or high efficiency into automated production equipment, as equipment purchase specifications, these factors are considered, because a fully automated production, the lower the number manually, improve product quality, production capacity, etc. , beyond the increased purchase of equipment costs.
The results are as follows: degree of automation equipment improved, effectively enhance the functioning of equipment utilization rate, omitting manual handling operations to enhance the equipment capacity, automation equipment imported personnel cost reduction and efficiency improvement, the company competitive advantage manufacturers increased orders, product quality yield and stability. |
